Frequency Response in the Presence of Renewable Generation: Challenges and Opportunities

Nguyen, Nga; Pandit, Dilip; Quigley, Riley; Mitra, Joydeep

doi:10.1109/oajpe.2021.3118393

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The steady state probabilities is given by Equations ( 5) and (6). Similarly, for a two repairable component system the steady state probabilities is given by Equations ( 7) and (8).…”

Section: Markov Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive review of reliability assessment methodologies for grid‐connected photovoltaic systems

Singh

Saket

Khan

2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research work related to Reliability Assessment Methodologies for grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) systems performed in recent literature. Solar power is emerging as the fast growing source of energy in the world as a result of rising environmental concerns regarding the hazards of climatic change linked with the production of electricity using fossil fuels. Although PV systems can support small businesses and households on their own, many people prefer a grid‐connected PV system (PVS) because of the net profit it provides. Grid‐integrated PV system, however, comes with many reliability issues. Evaluating the reliability of grid‐integrated photovoltaic system is thus an important area of research. The article presents a critical survey of the state‐of‐art technologies for assessing the reliability of a PV system. Issues related to the reliability of the grid‐integrated PVS are spotted along with the solution techniques. Reliability indices for analyzing the PVS performance are also discussed.

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“…The steady state probabilities is given by Equations ( 5) and (6). Similarly, for a two repairable component system the steady state probabilities is given by Equations ( 7) and (8).…”

Section: Markov Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is another significant issue as it results in frequency deviation and power system instability. The author in [8] has determined the integration limit of RESs based on frequency deviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of reliability assessment methodologies for grid‐connected photovoltaic systems

Singh

Saket

Khan

2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…To keep the SoC near its reference value (SoC ref ) and allow the use of less battery capacity for the same degree of smoothing control, the SoC needs to be adjusted with SoC droop control (SoC Droop (t)) as shown in (5), where SoC max is maximum allowable SoC, and SoC(t) is instantaneous SoC.…”

Section: A Mitigation Of Pv Variability With Bessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One strategy to minimize the variability is to use an energy storage system [4]. Uncertainty, meanwhile, due to the dependence of renewable generation on meteorological conditions, can lead to hourly or daily supply-demand imbalances on a much larger timescale than the variability, resulting in frequency deviation [5] [6] and voltage instability [7] [8] in the grid. These effects can be mitigated by demand response [9] [10], peak load management [11], or load following control [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-Centric Living Laboratory for Management of Distributed Energy Resources

Kini

Raker

Martin-Hayden

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Power Energy

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Variability and uncertainty of renewable distributed generation increase power grid complexity, necessitating the development of advanced control strategies. demonstrates a real-world testbed and the implementation of control strategies on it to mitigate the challenges associated with variability and uncertainty of renewable distributed generation. This control-centric testbed includes 4.6 MW of controllable building loads, a 1 MW solar array, and a 125 kW / 130 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS). The capabilities of the testbed are illustrated by highlighting the implementation of three specific scenarios relevant to future smart grid infrastructures. In the first scenario, photovoltaic output variability is mitigated with the BESS using adaptive moving average and adaptive state of charge control methods. The second and third scenarios demonstrate peak load management and load following control to manage uncertainty using the Intelligent Load Control (ILC) algorithm. The ILC modifies controllable loads using a prioritization matrix and an analytical hierarchy process. The three scenarios all operate at a different time-constant, and are each effectively addressed, demonstrating the versatility and flexibility of the presented testbed. This demonstrated ability to rapidly test the efficacy of alternate control algorithms on a real system is crucial to the maturation of future smart-grid.

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“…Incidentally, uncertain and intermittent renewable generations can greatly affect the performance and economic condition of power systems [17]- [20], [21]. Most importantly, frequency deviations due to lack of inertia are common operational problems with high RES penetrations [22]- [25]. To lessen these technical issues, power utilities and system operators have established administrative codes in the case of integrating RESs into the main grid (transmission and distribution system levels).…”

Section: B Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Grid-Forming VSC Control Schemes Toward Sustainable Power Systems: Comprehensive Review and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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Driven by environmental and economic aspects, the proliferation of renewable energy sources (RES) has been expanded in power systems worldwide. In this regard, the intermittent generation of such RESs (e.g., photovoltaic and wind farms) can cause several operational and stability problems in such lowinertia power systems. To handle these issues, great interest in the literature has been directed to develop feasible grid-forming voltage source converters (VSC) control schemes that have voltage/frequency regulatory functions. Accordingly, an inclusive review is presented in this paper for these promising gridforming VSC control schemes which will be the backbone of sustainable converter-dominated power systems. Specifically, control structures, smart grid-support functionalities, stability issues, and fault current mitigations are compared considering the existing grid-forming VSC control schemes. Besides, the applications of grid-forming VSC along with their benefits and drawbacks are investigated for both isolated and bulk power systems. The evaluation aspects are also explored for assessing the performance of the existing VSC control schemes in the grid. Finally, the current challenges that face VSC in forthcoming applications and existing gaps are highlighted while corresponding perspectives for future research studies are defined for stable sustainable low-inertia power systems.INDEX TERMS Grid-forming VSC; control schemes; low-inertia power systems; renewable energy sources; energy storage systems.

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Frequency Response in the Presence of Renewable Generation: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 24 publications

References 122 publications

A comprehensive review of reliability assessment methodologies for grid‐connected photovoltaic systems

A comprehensive review of reliability assessment methodologies for grid‐connected photovoltaic systems

Control-Centric Living Laboratory for Management of Distributed Energy Resources

Promising Grid-Forming VSC Control Schemes Toward Sustainable Power Systems: Comprehensive Review and Perspectives

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