Frequency of urinary tract infections among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in a tertiary care centre: hospital based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent human bacterial infections, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, with nearly 150 million cases globally per year. The prevalence of UTI (including both asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic infection) in pregnant women in India is reported to range from 3% to 24%. This infection must be adequately diagnosed and efficient treatment must be initiated to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study. 625 ante natal women recruited during first visit attending antenatal care outpatient department (ANC OPD). We tested their clean catch mid-stream urine sample for routine, microscopic and culture sensitivity test.Results: Out of 625 antenatal women frequency of urinary tract infection was 16.2%. 17% women were symptomatic having one or more symptoms indicative of urinary tract infection and 83% women were asymptomatic. Among symptomatic women, 92.5% women showed culture positivity for one or more bacteria whereas in asymptomatic women, culture was positive in 10.8%. E. coli followed by Klebsiella were the most common isolate identified in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. On antibiotic sensitivity testing, we found good overall sensitivity of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin but resistant to ampicillin was observed in all women. UTI adversely affects the mother like pyelonephritis, preterm labour and preterm baby and its complications.Conclusions: It is important to identify presence of UTI during pregnancy by doing urine routine and culture sensitivity test in all antenatal women and administration of appropriate antibiotic to affected women so as to reduce the morbidity both in mother and baby.

Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of uropathogens isolated from obstetrics and gynaecology patients in a tertiary care hospital

“…This is almost similar to prevalence of UTI reported by Sadhvi et al (16.2%) and Olsen et al from Tanzania (16.4%). 15,16 Our study also showed that infection rate was high in the age group of 20-30 years (65.2%), followed by 30-40 years (22.7%), <20 years is (6):1604-1609 7.5%, ≥40 years is 4.5%. The high prevalence of UTI in the age group of 20-30 years was probably due to decreased glycogen deposition, reduced lactobacilli related to aging, bacterial adherence and invasion.…”

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant Women: A Study in Damt District Yemen

“…Therefore, this data is crucial in providing information necessary to create infection control measures and establish antibiotic policies worldwide. 11,35,36 In this study, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infections in pregnant women attending hospitals and clinics in Damt City was 60%. The prevalence of UTI 210/350 (60%) in this study was higher than the study conducted in the Al-Mukalla district, Yemen at 30%, 23 Eastern Ethiopia at 13.2%, 37 Bangladesh at 8.9%, 9 Southeast Ethiopia 26%, 38 Iran 17%, 39 and Sudan 12.1%.…”

“…29,44,45 Another reason could be poor genital hygienic practices by pregnant women who may find it difficult to clean correctly after defecating or cleaning their genitalia after passing urine during their pregnancy. 6,11,13 The high prevalence rate in the study areas might be due to culture, practice, living standards and poverty, in addition to the study period and the methods employed for urine examination. 10,38,46 Furthermore, the result disagreed with those reported by Lee et al, 9 who found that Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were high among women between 20-29 years, particularly during the third trimester, as well as the pregnant women with multigravida.…”

“…The female anatomy is one of the risk factors for urinary tract infections in women because women's urethras are shorter than men's, which allows bacteria to enter the bladder more easily. 10,11 In addition, the infection may be more likely to develop in women who use birth control methods that involve the use of a female diaphragm for contraception, as well as those experiencing menopause, due to factors such as weakened immune system, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, neurogenic bladder damage, a history of recurrent or persistent UTIs prior to conception, smoking, and being under the age of. 9,12 Developed and developing nations should screen for and treat Asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy to lower the chance of developing acute pyelonephritis.…”

“…15,16 Up to 85% of infections in women resulting from UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli. 10,11,17,18 Other Enterobacteriaceae and grampositive bacteria are blamed for the remaining illnesses. 18,19 UTIs are a substantial, underrecognized risk factor for pregnancy morbidity and poor birth outcomes in low-income countries.…”