Background: The risks to the fetus increase after 41 weeks mainly due to increasing fetal weight, decline in placental function, oligohydramnios which increase chances of cord compression, and meconium aspiration. Perinatal mortality after 42 weeks is twice as compared to the perinatal mortality at 40 weeks and by 44 weeks the rate is increased up to threefold. In cases of prolonged pregnancy, fetus is more at risk of hypoxia during labor than a fetus at term.Methods: This cross sectional observational study of feto-maternal outcome in post dated pregnancy (Women beyond 40 weeks of gestation) was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in a rural based tertiary care centre from October 2016 to September 2018, willing to participate and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the study period.Results: Majority i.e. 45 patients (46.9%) went into spontaneous labour and delivered vaginally, whereas 16 patients (16.7%) required caesarean section. Among all 45 participants who were given induction, maximum 26 (57.78%) were induced by Dinoprostone gel, 4 patients (8.89%) were induced by Tab. Misoprostol.Conclusions: The present study, we conclude that, the post dated pregnancy can be considered as a high risk factor from the point of view of fetal outcome as there is more fetal morbidity.

Background: At times of unfavorable cervix induction of labor with cervical ripening agents were necessary. The present study was done to compare the efficacy and outcome of vaginal misoprostol and Foleys catheter in pregnant women for induction of labor.Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 10o pregnant women during a time period of December 2014 to November 2016. These women were randomly divided into two groups: Misoprostol (50 patients) and Foley catheter (50 patients). For the first group, 25 mcg vaginal misoprostol was administered every 4 h up to maximum of 3 doses for a period of 12 hours. For the second group, Foley catheter 18 F, was placed through the internal os of the cervix. Data was analyzed using SPSS software 20. p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the patients in Group 1 was 24.72±2.93 years and Group 2 was 24.12±2.88 years. Pre-induction & post-induction modified Bishop score was significantly higher in Group 1 (Misoprostol) as compared to Group 2 (Foley's catheter) in primigravida and multigravida patients. The difference in the birth weight and Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min between the two groups was statistically not significant (p>0.05). The rate of vaginal delivery was significantly more in Misoprostol group as compared to Foley’s catheter group (p<0.05). The caesarean section rate was more in Foley’s catheter group as compared to Misoprostol group and the results were statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: It was concluded that misoprostol decrease the delivery time and increases the vaginal delivery compared to Foleys catheter.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most frequent human bacterial infections, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, with nearly 150 million cases globally per year. The prevalence of UTI (including both asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic infection) in pregnant women in India is reported to range from 3% to 24%. This infection must be adequately diagnosed and efficient treatment must be initiated to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study. 625 ante natal women recruited during first visit attending antenatal care outpatient department (ANC OPD). We tested their clean catch mid-stream urine sample for routine, microscopic and culture sensitivity test.Results: Out of 625 antenatal women frequency of urinary tract infection was 16.2%. 17% women were symptomatic having one or more symptoms indicative of urinary tract infection and 83% women were asymptomatic. Among symptomatic women, 92.5% women showed culture positivity for one or more bacteria whereas in asymptomatic women, culture was positive in 10.8%. E. coli followed by Klebsiella were the most common isolate identified in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. On antibiotic sensitivity testing, we found good overall sensitivity of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin but resistant to ampicillin was observed in all women. UTI adversely affects the mother like pyelonephritis, preterm labour and preterm baby and its complications.Conclusions: It is important to identify presence of UTI during pregnancy by doing urine routine and culture sensitivity test in all antenatal women and administration of appropriate antibiotic to affected women so as to reduce the morbidity both in mother and baby.

Objective: To assess the awareness and level of knowledge toward emergency contraception among married women in the reproductive age group. Methods:A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted employing prestructured questionnaire, which included information about age, occupation, income, education, obstetric profile, knowledge and use of emergency contraception. Results:The average age of women included in the study was 24.6 years. About 33% of women knew about emergency contraception. They mainly belonged to educated category, working class and with income group more than ` 5000 per month. There are about 5% of women who know about emergency contraception and have used it in the past. Conclusion:There is a need to popularize emergency contraception in India for its better usages among women to avoid unwanted pregnancies and abortions.

Background: Pregnancy in sickle cell women has numerous obstetrical, nonobstetrical and fetal complications. Our objective was to study the pregnancy outcome in women with sickle cell disease/trait.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study in 2 years study period was conducted. 57 women with sickle cell disease/trait were identified. They were attending the antenatal clinic and were admitted in obstetric ward and followed till 7 days after delivery.Results: Out of total 57 women 49 women (85.96%) were sickle cell trait (AS pattern) and 8 women (14.03%) were sickle cell disease (SS pattern). In women with sickle cell trait Pregnancy induced hypertension was the most common complication. Anaemia and hypothyroidism was the common associated medical problem. 5 babies need NICU admission, 6 babies PBU admission and 33 babies given to mother side just after birth. In women with sickle cell disease severe anaemia, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction, lower segment caesarean section for preterm baby was the most common complication. 1 baby required NICU admission, 5 babies require PBU admission and only 2 babies given to mother just after delivery. There were no maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.Conclusions: Maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity is more in sickle cell disease women. They require early diagnosis, premarital and preconceptional counselling, good multidisciplinary obstetrics and neonatal care and early referral to higher centre.