BACKGROUND Health care personnel (HCP) are the most exposed sector to contract Hepatitis B from infected patients, and vaccination is a key modality to prevent it. We wanted to evaluate the immune status of health care workers (HCWs) post vaccination and bring to light the potential risk factors that may be responsible for low Anti-HBs antibody titres post vaccination. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi, with 171 HCP who completed the hepatitis B vaccination. Serum Anti-HBs levels were assessed using ELISA. RESULTS Of 171 HCP, 30 (17.54 %) were males and 141 (82.46 %) were females. The mean age of the study population was 35 years. 73.68 % of the total HCP study population showed antibody titres above the predefined protective threshold. The only risk factor significantly associated with serological response was chronic illness. There was no significant association of serological response to time since last dose (P = 0.3), BMI (P = 0.67), percutaneous / mucocutaneous exposure (P = 0.7) and post vaccination period (P = 0.246). CONCLUSIONS Hospital administration should promote testing of Anti-HBs levels in all HCWs 1 - 2 months’ post Hepatitis B vaccination so that necessary precautions can be taken, and revaccination with counselling should be strictly followed. KEY WORDS Health Care Personnel (HCP), Risk Factors, Anti-HBs Levels, Immunization Status
Achromobacter xylosoxidans , also known as Alcaligenes xylosoxidans , is a low-virulence, non-fermenter gram-negative bacillus mainly found in marine environments. We report a detailed series of four high-risk cases of septicemia with the common variable of positive blood cultures for A. xylosoxidans . All four blood isolates were multi-drug resistant and susceptible to meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Two patients responded well to the treatment with meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and two patients died. It should never be assumed that Achromobacter is a contaminant even though it is relatively infrequently isolated from clinical samples. This infection can progress to fatal bacteremia, even in otherwise healthy people, and it can potentially cause severe conditions in premature infants. With only a limited number of antibiotics demonstrating bactericidal properties, the possibility of failure in empirical treatment is significant. As a result, it is important to have a precise comprehension of this uncommon yet deadly illness in order to increase the probability of successful treatment.
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication occurring in obstetric patients, posing adverse risks to both the mother and fetus. The aim of this study is to analyse the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in obstetrics and gynaecology ward for the effective treatment. Methods: A total of 404 urine samples from pregnant women with different gestational age were processed for the isolation of uropathogens and tested against ten classes of antibiotics. Uropathogens from significant bacteriuria cases were isolated and identified by standard procedures from January 2020 to December 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility was studied by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Significant bacteriuria in 16.3% samples, Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common uropathogens followed by Enterococcus sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). E. coli showed highest resistance to ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin while exhibiting high sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, and amikacin. Moreover, major proportion of isolates of K. pneumoniae were resistant against ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin; and for Enterococcus species against penicillin and gentamycin, but 100% sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and 92.3% to linezolid. Conclusions: There is a need for screening of antenatal patients for UTI and it is recommended that pregnant women should undergo periodic screening for UTI, so as to monitor the sensitivity pattern of the uropathogens and for the development of specific antibiotic policies based on local susceptibility patterns.
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