Frequency of paediatric facial trauma in a tertiary care dental hospital

Abstract

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of various patterns of pediatric facial trauma in the patients attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: After written informed consent, 191 cases were taken using non- probability purposive sampling. Demographic profile (age, gender, address) was taken. Diagnoses of the distribution of facial fracture were made with help of history, clinical and radiological examination, plain radiographs, OPG (Orthopantomogram), Occipitomental, PA view of face and CT scan, according to the requirement. Pattern of facial trauma i.e. upper third of face (frontal bone, orbital bone), mid facial bones (Maxilla, Zygomatic, NOE noso-orbito-ethmodial complex), dentoalveolar and mandible was noted on the proforma attached. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS 20.0.Results: The mean age of the patients was 6.50±3.72 years. In this study, 112 (58.63%) were males and 79 (41.37%) were females. So, the male to female ratio were 1.41:1. The mandible was the most commonly fractured bone 58 (30.36%) followed by dentoalveolar, maxilla, zygomatic, NOE complex, orbital and frontal bones fractures.Conclusions: Mandible is the most prone to fracture in paediatric patients.

Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma Management Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital- A Retrospective Study

“…Associated injuries with pediatric maxillofacial trauma reported in the literature vary widely in the range of 10%-78% depending on the particular type of facial fractures. 3,4,13,16 The most common associated injuries in pediatric maxillofacial trauma were reported to be neurocranial injuries. 1,4,16 In our study also a majority of associated injuries were head injuries 19 (61.3%).…”

“…1,2 The occurrence of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric population is not as common as compared to adults and fractures are also displaced minimally. 3 The reason for the reduced incidence of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients when juxtaposed to adult patients is possibly due to the flexible bones of face, improper paranasal sinuses pneumatization and conservation of the malar area by buccal fat pad. 3,4,5 Trauma involving the facial region is mainly notable due to observable placement of the face, its esthetic significance and psychological role harmfully influencing the leading uses like mastication, deglutition, speech and respiration.…”

“…3 The reason for the reduced incidence of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients when juxtaposed to adult patients is possibly due to the flexible bones of face, improper paranasal sinuses pneumatization and conservation of the malar area by buccal fat pad. 3,4,5 Trauma involving the facial region is mainly notable due to observable placement of the face, its esthetic significance and psychological role harmfully influencing the leading uses like mastication, deglutition, speech and respiration. 4,6 The manner of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients fluctuates between the different countries depending upon their environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors.…”

“…4,6 The manner of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients fluctuates between the different countries depending upon their environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. 3,6 Road traffic accidents (RTA), fall, sports injuries and violence are the dominant causes of pediatric maxillofacial trauma. 4,6,7 Injuries associated with pediatric maxillofacial trauma described in the literature differ extensively in the range of 10% to 75% relying on the particular type of fracture.…”

“…1,2,8 Whereas prevalence of pediatric maxillofacial trauma in Pakistan is around 34%. 3,8 The recognition of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric population is quite demanding as sometimes the history is difficult to acquire or due to uncooperative nature of young trauma victim clinical examination may be impossible. 2,8 Plain radiographs are tough to explain in children mainly in the region of mid face where imperfectly developed sinuses and presence of tooth buds employ area and vague the landmarks of anatomic structures and therefore computed tomography which provides diagnostic details is commonly utilized.…”