Patterns of facial fractures in children

Khan, Sirtaj; Khan, Zafar Ali; Hanif, Saba; Riaz, Nabeela; Warraich, Riaz Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.08.020

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The male preponderance (64.7%) in the present study is in accordance with the literature 2,13,14,18‐20,23,31 . The majority of children in this study were in the mixed dentition period (81.9%) because of higher tooth to bone ratio and developing tooth crypts near the lower border of the mandible.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Conservative management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures—A retrospective study

Mittal

Yadav

Shekhawat

2020

Dental Traumatology

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Background/Aim Pediatric mandibular distal fractures present unique treatment challenges which are usually managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with the risk of developing tooth bud injuries. Conservative management through maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with orthodontic bracket‐elastic as an out‐patient department (OPD) service has been used for these fractures presenting with derangement of occlusion. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze MMF with orthodontic bracket‐elastic as a treatment method and its outcome for management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures. Methodology Data of seventeen pediatric cases diagnosed with displaced mandibular distal fractures managed with MMF with orthodontic bracket‐elastic over a period of 5 years were analyzed. In this technique, two weeks of immobilization and one week for guiding elastics were used. Results The mean age of patients was 7.6 ± 1.6 years with a mean follow‐up of 24 months. All fractures healed uneventfully with satisfactory occlusion. The cases included 23.5% minimally displaced, and 64.7% moderately displaced and 11.8% significantly displaced fractures with step deformity with successful remodeling of the lower border contours over a duration of 18 months ± 1 month. The developing tooth buds in the fracture line showed no complications except for root dilacerations/malformation (n = 3). Conclusion MMF with orthodontic bracket‐elastic is a viable and conservative technique for the management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures which need to be verified through randomized trials for generalization of the results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Conservative management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures—A retrospective study

Mittal

Yadav

Shekhawat

2020

Dental Traumatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar treatment rate by ORIF in older pediatric age-group has been reported by Vetter et al 32 This age-group has been reported to be involved in high-risk activities including driving, which makes them predisposed to injuries. 5 Khan et al 27 attributed the higher prevalence of maxillofacial fractures among the age-group to increase participation in social activities or contact sports, higher incidence of assaults and interpersonal and a general reduction of parental supervision. Skeletal maturity of the maxilla and mandible is reached by approximately 14 to 16 years in girls and 16 to 18 in boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parents are advised to provide protection to their children while driving in a motor vehicle by always keeping them in the rear seats, strapped comfortably in seat belts, child seats, and helmets for on motorcycles or bicycle. 27 The majority of the citizens and residents in the kingdom have access to cars either as rented or privately owned, especially by the very young people. 28 Reckless driving, failure to follow traffic rules, and, sometimes, driving by unlicensed individuals also contribute heavily to the high incidence of MVA in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maxillofacial Bone Fractures in Children and Adolescents: Overview of 247 Cases in a Major Referral Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Daniels

Albakry

Braimah³

et al. 2020

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

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Study Design: A retrospective study investigating maxillofacial bone fractures in the pediatric and adolescent population. Objective: The aim of this study was to present our experience in the management of pediatric facial bone fractures. Methods: This was a retrospective study of maxillofacial bone fractures in children and adolescents between the ages <1 year and 19 years in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation. Data collected include demographics, etiology, pattern, and treatment of maxillofacial bone fractures. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 25 (IBM Corp.). Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 1297 patients with maxillofacial bone fractures, 247 were cases involving children and adolescents giving a prevalence of 19.0% (247 patients, N = 1297). There were 233 males and 14 females with an M:F ratio of 16.6:1. The ages ranged from 9 months to 19 years with a mean ± SD of 14.4 ± 4.6. The age-group between 16 and 20 years had the highest frequency of patients (144 (58.4%)). In the 1- to 5-year group, falls accounted for most of the etiology (15 (6.1%)), while in the 16- to 20-year group, motor vehicular accident (MVA) was the main reason (120 (48.6%)). The majority of the fractures occurred in the mandible with 151(61.1%) cases. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were the main treatment modality in 171 (69.2%) patients. Conclusions: MVA was the main etiology of maxillofacial fractures in children and adolescents with male predominance, while the mandible had been the most frequently fractured bone. ORIF was the main treatment modality.

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“…Most studies ( 2 , 8 , 15 , 17 ) report the impact of MFT in large urban centers, demonstrating the need for studies in rural areas in northeastern Brazil, where surveillance and prevention of these injuries is more limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxillofacial trauma due to traffic accidents and falls: an exploratory study of associated factors

Porto¹,

Yw²,

Fd³

2021

Med Oral

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Background This study aimed to determine the pattern of Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) due to traffic accidents and falls in a reference hospital in a rural region of northeastern Brazil between December 2011 and December 2018 and to identify associated factors. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study using 585 medical records of patients with MFT. The data were subjected to a Poisson-Tweedie multiple regression analysis to estimate the Prevalence ratio (PR), with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and a significance level of p <0.05. Results MFT due to traffic accidents was more prevalent among patients 21 to 40 years old (PR=2.30; 95% CI=1.20-4.41; p <0.001) diagnosed with zygomatic-orbital complex fractures (PR=1.80; 95% CI=1.08-2.98; p =0.023). Falls were more frequent among older groups of 41 to 60 years (PR=1.83; 95% CI=1.09-3.06; p =0.022) and over 61 years (PR=2.23; 95% CI=1.09-3.06; p =0.022). In traffic accidents, alcohol consumption increased the length of stay (PR=2.081; 95% CI=1.553-2.787; p <0.001), and patients who did not use personal protective equipment (PPE) had higher hospital costs (PR=179.964; 95% CI=1.485-1.994; p <0.001) for this etiology. Traffic accidents and falls are two of the main etiologies of MFT, especially for males in the young adult age group (traffic accidents) and those above 41 years (falls). Alcohol consumption and the nonuse of PPE influenced the length of the hospital stay and hospital costs. Conclusions Strategies to confront this problem, such as road and highway improvements, effective enforcement of laws and intersectoral coordination involving the entire community to implement policies and prevention programs targeted at these populations, can be implemented. Key words: Maxillofacial Injuries, public policy, hospital cost.

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Patterns of facial fractures in children

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Conservative management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures—A retrospective study

Conservative management of pediatric mandibular distal fractures—A retrospective study

Maxillofacial Bone Fractures in Children and Adolescents: Overview of 247 Cases in a Major Referral Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Maxillofacial trauma due to traffic accidents and falls: an exploratory study of associated factors

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