Freestanding Cathode Electrode Design for High-Performance Sodium Dual-Ion Battery

Abstract

In this work, both advantages of sodium-ion batteries and dual-ion batteries have been combined in an innovated sodium-ion-based dual-ion battery (SDI) system using a Na metal film as anode and a freestanding meso-carbon microbead film (FS-MCMB) as cathode. FS-MCMB in SDI battery exhibited a superior working performance with the specific capacity of 83.6 mAh/g and a remarkable long-term stability over 300 cycles. The SDI battery with FS-MCMB exhibited an advantage of high mass density loading in the range of 2−7.5 mg cm −2 , which was equal to a comparable capacity of 78−83 mAh/g. The electrochemical impedance analysis indicated that FS-MCMB provided a superior permeability, resulting in facilitating electrolyte infiltration into MCMB structure. In-situ XRD and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the intercalating/deintercalating process of PF 6 − anions into/out of MCMB during charging/discharging processes. Finally, theoretical calculations further confirmed the structural arrangement of PF 6 − anions in the graphite layers.

Electrolytes for Batteries with Earth‐Abundant Metal Anodes

“…For instance, as discussed in Section 2.2, potassium metal is ap romising metal anode, but suffers from an instability to moisture and air.D ual-ion cells offers ag reat opportunity for potassium-based energy storage with other anode metals, such as sodium, lead, and tin. [91][92][93] In addition to the tin anode, which has good alloy behavior with potassium or sodium ions, aluminum was chosen asa promisinga node for lithium-based dual-ion cells (Figure 8h). [90] During discharging, potassium ions are reduced on the tin anode and form the KÀSn alloy (Figure 8f).…”

“…The process is accomplished inside the cell electrochemically, so that there is no need to worry aboutt he handling of active potassium metal.T he same configuration is also applicable for sodium-ion-based dual-ion cells (Figure 8g). [91][92][93] In addition to the tin anode, which has good alloy behavior with potassium or sodium ions, aluminum was chosen asa promisinga node for lithium-based dual-ion cells (Figure 8h). It is known that lithium ions can alloy with aluminum at low po-tentials.T his makes aluminumb oth the current collector and anode material.…”

Performance optimization of freestanding MWCNT-LiFePO4 sheets as cathodes for improved specific capacity of lithium-ion batteries

“…2c shows the particle diameter in x axis, the amount of each size by volume (q) in le y axis, and the cumulative below the size (undersize) in right y axis. The asreceived LiFePO 4 powders have bimodal particle size distribution, mean diameter size of 4.62 mm, and cumulative 10%, 50% and 90% point of diameters (D 10 , D 50 and D 90 , respectively) of 0.65, 3.55 and 10.17 mm, respectively.…”

Strategien für kostengünstige und leistungsstarke Dual‐Ionen‐Batterien

“…Ishihara et al [42] wiesen zudem darauf hin, dass interkalierende PF 6 À -Ionen in graphitischem Kohlenstoff bei relativ hohem Potential nicht nur von der Stufenstruktur beeinflusst werden, sondern sich dabei auch Nanoblasen bilden. Liao et al [52] À -Anionen wurde auch in einer anderen Arbeit beobachtet. [43] Darüber hinaus wurden mit theoretischen Studien weitere Erkenntnisse über den Interkalationsmechanismus von AlCl 4 À in die Graphitkathode gewonnen.…”