Frantz Fanon, descolonização e o saber em saúde mental: contribuições para a saúde coletiva brasileira

Abstract

Resumo O ensaio enfatiza a reflexão psicossocial do psiquiatra martinicano Frantz Fanon. Seu pensamento tem expressão na crítica da dominação colonial e do racismo, destacando-se as obras Pele negra, máscaras brancas e Os condenados da Terra. Uma transcendência literária forja seu discurso apaixonado e libertador, relevante nas teorizações pós-coloniais e decoloniais. Crescentemente reconhecido pela discussão política do mundo diaspórico contemporâneo, suas ideias e práticas médico-sociais, precursoras na atenção à saúde mental, são menos conhecidas. Referenciado por Paulo Freire e Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Fanon releva a cultura na discussão de uma sociogênese do sofrimento mental e na crítica à inadequação da psicanálise eurocêntrica para lidar com a opressão colonial e o racismo. Fanon, embora citado por Franco Baságlia, não figurou como referência para a Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, mas seu pensamento descolonial e antirracista se revela, em perspectiva, uma importante contribuição para a saúde coletiva.

Antiracist ethos and the collective oral health as a pathway for life

“…Despite the worst oral health conditions of the Black population and their link with racism at various conceptual levels, the dominant interpretations of racial inequalities in the area are still based on biological conceptions of the division of humanity into genetically distinct races [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . These interpretations range from specific oral health problems to the use/access to health services and often blame Black populations for their worst conditions -whether due to biological aspects or culturally determined behaviors [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Such inter-pretations are invalid from a scientific viewpoint and ethically reprehensible [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] .…”

“…These interpretations range from specific oral health problems to the use/access to health services and often blame Black populations for their worst conditions -whether due to biological aspects or culturally determined behaviors [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Such inter-pretations are invalid from a scientific viewpoint and ethically reprehensible [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . There is abundant scientific literature showing the non-existence of biological distinctions between racial groups, on the one hand, and on the other, the role of racism in the genesis of health inequalities 14,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] .…”

“…Such inter-pretations are invalid from a scientific viewpoint and ethically reprehensible [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . There is abundant scientific literature showing the non-existence of biological distinctions between racial groups, on the one hand, and on the other, the role of racism in the genesis of health inequalities 14,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . From an ethical perspective, if the ultimate reasons for racial inequalities in oral health are issues linked to biology or culturally determined behaviors, interventions on the problem are automatically limited and ineffective and preserve a general framework of racial inequalities in oral health.…”

“…We call these symbolic/cultural, material, political, and social processes systemic racism and are at the heart of racial inequalities in oral health. Conceiving racial inequalities in oral health from scientifically based and ethically positioned perspectives implies focusing on racism as its origin and implementing strategies, policies, and actions to combat it 15,18,29,[30][31][32][33][34][35]45,46 .…”

“…Increasing self-confidence is, intuitively or not, preconceiving simplification, devaluation, and objectification (unimportance) for those Black children bodies. This finding is not limited to dentistry regarding managing racially marginalized populations within the clinic [31][32][33] . In other words, the colonizer's logic of offering inferior treatment or treatment marked by more significant difficulties for specific population segments is reproduced.…”