Fragrance chemicals in domestic and occupational products

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have described an increasing prevalence of fragrance allergy and indicated an association with hand eczema. 59 domestic and occupational products intended for hand exposure were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses to test the hypothesis that fragrance chemicals known to have the potential to cause contact allergy but not included in fragrance mix (FM) may be common ingredients in these products. A quantitative analysis of 19 selected fragrances was performed by GC-MS. Further analysis of GC-MS data revealed the presence of 43 other fragrance chemicals/groups of fragrance chemicals in the products investigated. Among the 19 target substances the most commonly detected were limonene in 78%, linalool in 61% and citronellol in 47% of the products investigated. The FM ingredients were present in these products with the following frequencies: oak moss (evernic acid methylester) 2%, cinnamic alcohol 2%, cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamal) 3%, isoeugenol 5%, alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde (amyl cinnamal) 8%, hydroxycitronellal 12%, eugenol 27%, and geraniol 41%. Thus, the chemical analyses of domestic and occupational products indicates that investigation of potential contact allergy related to these products types should consider fragrance allergens additional to those in the FM, since these may occur with high frequency.

Do Gastroenterologists Consider Aflatoxins as Origin of Digestive System Cancers?

“…Aflatoxins are recognized biomarkers for the risk of cancer as a result of nearly 57 yrs of study and they represent one of the most extensive data sets that assist the future studies of other environmental agents [27].…”

“…The other AFs (M 1 , M 2 , P 1 , Q 1 , G 2a , B 2a and AFL) are products of microbial or animal metabolism [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Hand Hygiene

“…[588][589][590][591] Liquid soaps, hand lotion, ointments or creams used by HCWs may contain ingredients that cause contact allergies. 589,590 Allergic reactions to antiseptic agents including QAC, iodine or iodophors, chlorhexidine, triclosan, chloroxylenol and alcohols 285,330,332,339,588,[592][593][594][595][596][597] have been reported, as well as possible toxicity in relation to dermal absorption of products. 598,599 Allergic contact dermatitis attributable to alcohol-based handrubs is very uncommon.…”

Directed evolution and expression tuning of geraniol synthase for efficient geraniol production in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

“…It is commercially important in the flavor and fragrance industries due to its pleasant rose-like odor (Chen and Viljoen, 2010;Rastogi et al, 2001). Geraniol also has value in anticancer drugs (Cho et al, 2016;Lesgards et al, 2014), pesticides, and anthelmintic or antimicrobial reagents (reviewed in Chen and Viljoen, 2010), and it is the precursor of a number of secondary plant metabolites, such as antimitotic alkaloids (Burlat et al, 2004; Geu-Flores et al, (Tsuruta et al, 2009).…”