Foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography

Araki, Syunsuke; Miki, Atsushi; Goto, Katsutoshi; Yamashita, Tsutomu; Yoneda, Tsuyoshi; Haruishi, Kazuko; Ieki, Yoshiaki; Kiryu, Junichi; Maehara, Goro; Yaoeda, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1186/s12886-019-1177-z

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“… 6 Considering the long exposure time and the requirement of dye use in other imaging methods such as FA, OCTA presents a useful and easy way of detecting retinal and optic disc pathologies, especially in pediatric cases. 9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Optic Disc and Macula in Healthy Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

İçel¹,

Yılmaz²,

Uçak³

et al. 2020

tjo

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Objectives: To perform the measurements of the optic disc and macula in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in order to determine the normative data values and compare these by age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL). Materials and Methods: A total of 146 eyes belonging to 146 healthy children (74 girls, 72 boys) aged 6 to 16 years were included in this prospective study. Refraction and biometry measurements were performed. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), central macular volume, and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after dilatation. Using the OCTA device, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vascular density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the macula, and the VD of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) of the optic disc were recorded. Results: The mean age of the study group was 11.27±3 years, the mean AL was 23.39±1.18 mm and the mean SE was -1.31±1.61 diopters. The mean FAZ area was 0.3±0.09 mm 2 , the mean SCP-VD was 43.88±3.4%, the mean DCP-VD was 39.6±3.55%, and the mean RPCP-VD was 52.47±3.42%. When the relationship between the OCTA measurements and the SE and AL values were analyzed, there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). When age and OCTA measurements were compared, only DCP-VD values were found to significantly decrease with increasing age (p=0.015). There was no significant difference in OCTA measurements based on gender (p>0.05). Similarly, no statistical age-based differences were observed in RNFLT, CMV and CMT values (p>0.05). Conclusion: With its short procedure time and no dye requirement, OCTA can be safely used in the evaluation of the optic disc and macular perfusion in children. Determination of normative values in children will be useful in detecting pathologic changes in tissue in patients with retinal diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Optic Disc and Macula in Healthy Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

İçel¹,

Yılmaz²,

Uçak³

et al. 2020

tjo

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“…This discrepancy may be due to the middle location of DCP in the retinal layer where is more distal from the retinal arterial and choroidal circulations 11 , a larger ROI may be needed to detect the positive changes in DCP. Moreover, Araki 10 and Demirayak 9 found no change of vessel density in SCP and DCP and a shrink FAZ area of SCP, whereas Sobral 7 reported an enlarged FAZ of SCP and DCP. The inconsistency among these studies could result from the mixture of types of amblyopia in these studies, which used the fellow eyes or the BCVA equal to 20/20 as normal controls instead of healthy subjects or didn’t pay special attention to differences in AL of amblyopic eyes 7 , 9 which are often hyperopic and small that can cause decreased vessel density 12 , 13 in the data analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…More recently, the advent of optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA), a noninvasive in vivo neuroimaging modality, has enabled researchers to investigate the retinal microvasculature changes associated with human amblyopes [5][6][7][8][9][10] . Part of these studies have shown reduced vessel density in the macular area associated with amblyopia compared to that of fellow eyes and/or controls [5][6][7][8] , yet others reported no change of vessel density 9,10 . A few studies also indicated that mixing different types of amblyopia could confound the observations and result in inconsistency among the studies 8,10 .…”

Section: Effect Of Amblyopia Treatment On Macular Microvasculature Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of amblyopia treatment on macular microvasculature in children with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomographic angiography

Zhang

Xie

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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To measure the retinal microvascular density in patients with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) and to evaluate the effects of successful amblyopia treatment on microvasculature in retina. 59 children (5–12 years old) including 22 newly diagnosed unilateral anisometropic amblyopia, 16 recovered unilateral anisometropic amblyopia, and 21 control children were imaged with OCTA using 6 × 6-mm macular scan pattern. Vessel densities of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the overall macular thickness were acquired and compared among the three groups. After adjustment for axial length, the amblyopia group showed lower macular vessel density in the SCP (P = 0.005) and in the DCP (P = 0.004) compared with that of the control group. However, for the recovered amblyopia group, no difference of vessel density was found when compared with the control group in both the SCP (P = 0.548) and the DCP (P = 0.124). No difference of the mean macular thickness was found among three groups (P ≥ 0.15). Children with anisometropic amblyopia have reduced macular vessel density in OCTA, while no difference of macular vessel density was found between the recovered amblyopic and control eyes. Macular thickness showed no difference in anisometropic amblyopia and remained unchanged after amblyopic treatment.

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“…There are many OCTA studies in fundus diseases; however, in terms of amblyopia, there are fewer studies [21][22][23]. In addition, in terms of strabismus amblyopia [24], most of the research results show no signi cant difference between amblyopia eyes and healthy eyes in terms of the capillary plexus vascular density of the macular fovea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation

Ren¹,

Cheng²,

Qin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundTo explore the application value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation.MethodsThe following data were collected from patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); spherical equivalent (SE) and deviation angle; eccentric fixation distance using OCTA system software tools, with µm as the unit of measurement of the distance between the retinal fixed point and the macular fovea; macular fovea vessel length density (VLD); perfusion density (PD); foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area; and perimeter and circularity of the superficial retinal vascular plexus. The entry criteria were as follows: OCTA scanning quality and signal strength of 8 or above (range 0 to 10).ResultsData from a total of 34 patients were collected: 17 patients with strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation were included in the experimental group, and 17 patients without strabismus with central fixation were included in the control group. The average deviation angle of the experimental group was 26.71 ± 25.88 prism dioptres (PD), the amblyopic eye BCVA was 0.24 ± 0.22, the SE was 4.35 ± 2.98 D, the stereoscopic median was 800", the eccentric fixation distance was 632.18 ± 310.62 µm, the macular fovea retinal thickness was 207.82 ± 17.79 µm, the VLD of the superficial retinal vascular plexus was 7.31 ± 3.84 mm− 1, the PD was 0.16 ± 0.08, the FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.17 mm2, the FAZ perimeter was 2.05 ± 0.56 mm, and the FAZ circularity was 0.67 ± 0.06. These results showed statistically significant differences in the SE and BCVA compared with the lateral eye and the control group, but there were no statistically significant differences in the macular fovea retinal thickness, VLD, PD, or FAZ. The eccentric fixation of amblyopic eyes was directly related to the deviation angle, and the regression formula was as follows: the eccentric fixation distance of amblyopic eyes = 8.319 × the deviation angle + 410.002 (F = 13.878, P = 0.002 < 0.01).ConclusionThe eccentric fixation distance of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation is related to the deviation angle; the greater the deviation angle is, the greater the distance of eccentric fixation.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022830. Registered 27 April 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/

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Foveal avascular zone and macular vessel density after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of the Optic Disc and Macula in Healthy Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Evaluation of the Optic Disc and Macula in Healthy Children Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Effect of amblyopia treatment on macular microvasculature in children with anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomographic angiography

The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation

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