Fouling and in-situ cleaning of ion-exchange membranes during the electrodialysis of fresh acid and sweet whey

Talebi, Sahar; Chen, George Q.; Freeman, Benny D.; Suárez, Francisco; Freckleton, Adrian; Bathurst, Karren; Kentish, Sandra E.

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.11.010

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This was somewhat expected as the protein content of the feed solutions was low and the concentrate solution was maintained at a pH below 3 thus eliminating mineral scaling. 11 The average thicknesses of the used CMB membranes were similar to the fresh membrane (Figure 6 (a)), expect for the CMB membrane facing the cathode compartment. When FTIR analysis was performed on these membranes, it was found that the absorbance spectrum for the cathode CMB was also different when compared to the other used membranes and the fresh membrane (Figure 7 and 1650 cm -1 (C=N stretching) 28 as is indeed observed for the used membranes in Figure 7 (b).…”

Section: Ion-exchange Membrane Analysissupporting

confidence: 59%

“…ED is usually terminated at 70% demineralization of the diluate stream to avoid high energy costs 5 and in the work by Chen et al 10 , 50% of the lactic acid had been removed from the feed solution at this demineralization level. Talebi et al 11 observed fouling of the membranes during ED of sweet and acid whey and noted that while mineral deposits could readily be removed during cleaning, the protein deposits were not as easily avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Study on the Removal of Lactic Acid and Minerals from Acid Whey Using Membrane Technology

Talebi

Suárez²,

Chen

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Acid whey presents a major disposal issue for the dairy industry due to its high lactic acid and mineral concentration. In this work, the feasibility of using membrane technology to treat acid whey to produce high quality whey powder was demonstrated at pilot scale. Three process combinations were tested, namely (1) ultrafiltration and electrodialysis, (2) ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and electrodialysis, and (3) ultrafiltration, dia-nanofiltration and electrodialysis.All three combinations were successful in reducing the levels of lactic acid and minerals in acid whey. However, the lowest ratio between lactic acid and lactose (0.017 g lactic acid/ g of lactose) was obtained with the process utilizing dia-nanofiltration. The energy required for electrodialysis of ultrafiltration permeate and dia-nanofiltration retentate was comparable (7.5 and 7.8 kWh/ tonne of feed, respectively). However, the dia-nanofiltration retentate was at least 3.5 times more concentrated than the ultrafiltration permeate, thus reducing the annual energy consumption and capital investment of the electrodialysis unit. The product of the nanofiltration and electrodialysis process was successfully dried to produce a powder with an ash and moisture content of 4% and 2.5%, respectively.

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Section: Ion-exchange Membrane Analysissupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study on the Removal of Lactic Acid and Minerals from Acid Whey Using Membrane Technology

Talebi

Suárez²,

Chen

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Finally, the membrane stack was soaked in 2 % NaCl for more than 12 hours. This protocol ensured that the membranes were fully clean before re-use and had returned to their original ionic state [30].…”

Section: Edbm Setup and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming salty whey into cleaning chemicals using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Desalination

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Large quantities of salty whey are produced during cheese manufacturing, posing an environmental problem. Here the feasibility of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) is evaluated for the first time as a mechanism to transform this saline effluent into sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid for reuse within the factory. The work also seeks to find the maximum acid and base concentration that can be achieved. For a pure sodium chloride solution, maximum acid/base concentrations of 3.6 ± 0.2 mol/L and 3.0 ± 0.3 mol/L are achieved using a stack of ten membranes including four bipolar membranes. The effects of proton leakage and water migration limit the generation of higher concentrations. The presence of calcium phosphate also has a negative effect on the EDBM performance, suggesting that pretreatment to remove this impurity is needed. In industrial practice, this pretreatment could be achieved by recycling around 9 % of the base produced to precipitate these salts. The use of a partially cyclic operation allows 99% demineralization of pretreated salty whey, with high purity acid/base solutions of concentration near 3.5 mol/L. This work demonstrates EDBM as an effective process for transforming salty whey into chemicals for clean in place and ion exchange resin regeneration.

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“…The addition of NaCl increases the time required to achieve 70% DR from 225 min ( Figure 10 a) to 285 min ( Figure 11 ). The sodium ion is larger than the potassium ion and thus migrates more slowly and does not compete as readily against the lactate ion [ 3 , 36 , 37 ]. This causes both the extension in demineralization time and a greater loss of lactic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acid whey, a by-product of cream cheese and yogurt manufacturing processes, is known to contain high concentrations of lactic acid (5.5–6 g/L) [ 3 , 4 ]. The presence of the lactic acid can affect the drying of acid whey [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactic Acid and Salt Separation Using Membrane Technology

et al. 2021

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Acid whey is a by-product of cheese and yoghurt manufacture. The protein and lactose within acid whey can be recovered using nanofiltration and electrodialysis, but this leaves a waste stream that is a mixture of salts and lactic acid. To further add value to the acid whey treatment process, the possibility of recovering this lactic acid was investigated using either low energy reverse osmosis membranes or an electrodialysis process. Partial separation between lactic acid and potassium chloride was achieved at low applied pressures and feed pH in the reverse osmosis process, as a greater permeation of potassium chloride was observed under these conditions. Furthermore, lactic acid retention was enhanced by operating at lower temperature. Partial separation between lactic acid and potassium chloride was also achieved in the electrodialysis process. However, the observed losses in lactic acid increased with the addition of sodium chloride to the feed solution. This indicates that the separation becomes more challenging as the complexity of the feed solution increases. Neither process was able to achieve sufficient separation to avoid the use of further purification processes.

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Fouling and in-situ cleaning of ion-exchange membranes during the electrodialysis of fresh acid and sweet whey

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Pilot Study on the Removal of Lactic Acid and Minerals from Acid Whey Using Membrane Technology

Pilot Study on the Removal of Lactic Acid and Minerals from Acid Whey Using Membrane Technology

Transforming salty whey into cleaning chemicals using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Lactic Acid and Salt Separation Using Membrane Technology

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