Transforming salty whey into cleaning chemicals using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Chen, Xia; Chen, George Q.; Wang, Q.; Xu, Tongwen; Kentish, Sandra E.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114598

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Figure 5d shows the energy consumption and the current efficiency for different salt chamber volumes. It can be seen that the current efficiency gradually decreased with an increase in the salt chamber volume, which was mainly due to back diffusion, unnecessary water splitting, and increased water penetration [45]. This is also the reason for the increase in energy consumption observed at 100-150 mL.…”

Section: Effect Of Initial Salt Chamber Volumementioning

confidence: 94%

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

et al. 2021

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Lithium resources face risks of shortages owing to the rapid development of the lithium industry. This makes the efficient production and recycling of lithium an issue that should be addressed immediately. Lithium bromide is widely used as a water-absorbent material, a humidity regulator, and an absorption refrigerant in the industry. However, there are few studies on the recovery of lithium from lithium bromide after disposal. In this paper, a bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process is proposed to convert waste lithium bromide into lithium hydroxide, with the generation of valuable hydrobromic acid as a by-product. The effects of the current density, the feed salt concentration, and the initial salt chamber volume on the performance of the BMED process were studied. When the reaction conditions were optimized, it was concluded that an initial salt chamber volume of 200 mL and a salt concentration of 0.3 mol/L provided the maximum benefit. A high current density leads to high energy consumption but with high current efficiency; therefore, the optimum current density was identified as 30 mA/cm2. Under the optimized conditions, the total economic cost of the BMED process was calculated as 2.243 USD·kg−1LiOH. As well as solving the problem of recycling waste lithium bromide, the process also represents a novel production methodology for lithium hydroxide. Given the prices of lithium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid, the process is both environmentally friendly and economical.

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Section: Effect Of Initial Salt Chamber Volumementioning

confidence: 94%

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

et al. 2021

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“…Figure a shows the current density versus time curves of S -2-amino-1-butanol- l -tartarate solution in a feed chamber at different initial concentrations. We can observe that the higher initial concentration of S -2-amino-1-butanol- l -tartrate solution in the feed chamber renders the higher current density because of the increased number of conductive ions in a higher concentration of salt solution . This also results in the decreased resistance of the BMED system, which has been verified by the increased conductivity illustrated in Figure b.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…We can observe that the higher initial concentration of S-2-amino-1-butanol-L-tartrate solution in the feed chamber renders the higher current density because of the increased number of conductive ions in a higher concentration of salt solution. 40 This also results in the decreased resistance of the BMED system, which has been verified by the increased conductivity illustrated in Figure 4b. At the beginning, we can see that the higher concentration of salt solution in the feed chamber renders the higher conductivity.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Conversion of S-2-amino-1-butanol-l-tartrate to S-2-amino-1-butanol by Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Post-treatment of Direct Enantioseparation

Tang

Liao

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this work, a green route for the preparation of S-2-amino-1-butanol in the post-treatment for direct enantioseparation for the antituberculosis drug ethambutol hydrochloride has been explored. Therein, OH − produced from bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) technology was used to in situ converse diastereomeric salt S-2-amino-1-butanol-L-tartrate to S-2-amino-1butanol, rather than directly adding the chemical reagent of NaOH or Na 2 CO 3 in a traditional way. For realization of the process, laboratory-scale BMEDs with two membrane stack configurations were fabricated, followed by an investigation of the effect of ionexchange membrane types, initial feed concentrations, voltages, etc. As a result, under optimized conditions, the concentration of as-obtained S-2-amino-1-butanol (the final purity of the product: ca. 98.2%) can achieve 1.04 mol•L −1 , and the conversion rate is 92.28%. The cost is estimated at approximately $2.22 kg −1 . Accordingly, the current efficiency and energy consumption are 54.05% and 1.88 kW•h•kg −1 , respectively. The investigation has verified the feasibility of BMED for the conversion of S-2-amino-1-butanol-L-tartrate to S-2-aminobutanol and also demonstrates potential application in the field of chiral compound separation.

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“…This phenomenon can be attributed to the increased difference between the salt and acid chambers as the volume ratio increased. The number of sodium hydrate ions entering the alkali chamber was higher than the number of sulfate hydrate ions entering the acid chamber, and the amount of water carried by the hydrated ions also increased [ 40 ]. Figure 6 b shows the change in conductivity of the salt chamber, and its change trend was basically the same as for acid and alkali concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Acid and Base from Sodium Sulfate Containing Lithium Carbonate Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

et al. 2021

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Lithium carbonate is an important chemical raw material that is widely used in many contexts. The preparation of lithium carbonate by acid roasting is limited due to the large amounts of low-value sodium sulfate waste salts that result. In this research, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) technology was developed to treat waste sodium sulfate containing lithium carbonate for conversion of low-value sodium sulfate into high-value sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. Both can be used as raw materials in upstream processes. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, the effects of the feed salt concentration, current density, flow rate, and volume ratio on the desalination performance were determined. The conversion rate of sodium sulfate was close to 100%. The energy consumption obtained under the best experimental conditions was 1.4 kWh·kg−1. The purity of the obtained sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide products reached 98.32% and 98.23%, respectively. Calculated under the best process conditions, the total process cost of BMED was estimated to be USD 0.705 kg−1 Na2SO4, which is considered low and provides an indication of the potential economic and environmental benefits of using applying this technology.

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Transforming salty whey into cleaning chemicals using electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

Recycling Lithium from Waste Lithium Bromide to Produce Lithium Hydroxide

Conversion of S-2-amino-1-butanol-l-tartrate to S-2-amino-1-butanol by Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for Post-treatment of Direct Enantioseparation

Recovery of Acid and Base from Sodium Sulfate Containing Lithium Carbonate Using Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

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