Foster Care Youth: Aging Out of Care to Criminal Activities

Davis, Mary Ann

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195310313.003.0011

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The negative impact of out of home placements on children has been widely discussed, including higher incidences of preventable death, respiratory problems, pregnancy, and alcohol and drug abuse (Cook, 1991;Morley & Kendall, 2006). Additionally, studies have shown that children in care are more likely to engage in antisocial behaviour than those who are not in care (e.g., Cusick, Courtney, Havlicek, & Hess, 2011;Davis, 2009;Jonson-Reid & Barth, 2000). The reasons for this relationship have been tied to both the increased number of risk factors for youth prior to care placement as well as unique risks associated with foster care, such as multiple placements (e.g., Corrado, Freedman, & Blatier, 2011).…”

Section: Ferrante (2013) Used Data From the 2002 National Aboriginal And Torres Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Recidivism of Aboriginal Youth Offenders: A Look at an Established Risk Assessment Tool and Culturally-Specific Predictors

Wilson¹

2021

Preprint

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The application of standard risk assessment tools with Aboriginal youth offenders has been a highly controversial practice. Criticisms are premised on the fact that risk/need tools are largely founded on the social and historical experiences of non-Aboriginal offenders. In turn, scholars and practitioners have recommended the use of culturally- specific risk/need factors considering Aboriginal culture and the unique context of Aboriginal people in Canada. The current project consists of two studies designed to contribute to our understanding of these concerns. Study 1 examined the predictive validity (both discrimination and calibration) of the YLS/CMI with both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth offenders. Results found that although the YLS/CMI provides adequate discrimination for Aboriginal offenders (AUCs from .555 to .606), it underestimates the absolute recidivism rates of low and moderate risk Aboriginal youth compared to non-Aboriginal youth. Study 2 explored the utility of PSRs as sources of culturally-specific information and examined the predictive validity of those factors included. Results indicate that although a number of culturally-specific factors predicted re-offending, particularly family breakdown and community variables, PSRs are an inconsistent source of this information. Overall, the findings suggest that the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI with Aboriginal offenders may be improved with increased focus on family breakdown and home community. Implications and next steps for both practice and research are discussed.

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Section: Ferrante (2013) Used Data From the 2002 National Aboriginal And Torres Straitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Recidivism of Aboriginal Youth Offenders: A Look at an Established Risk Assessment Tool and Culturally-Specific Predictors

Wilson¹

2021

Preprint

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“…Second, the very nature of foster care means that youth have been removed from their parent or caregiver. Third, most children in foster care experience multiple placements (Davis, 2009). …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typologies of substance use and illegal behaviors: A comparison of emerging adults with histories of foster care and the general population

Snyder

Medeiros

2013

Children and Youth Services Review

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This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to explore whether patterns of substance use and illegal behaviors among emerging adults, 18 to 28 years old, differ depending on whether they have a prior history in foster care. The study sample, consisting of 316 respondents who had previously been in foster care and 14,301 respondents without a foster care history, was drawn from the third wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A multiple-group LCA compared former foster youth to their peers in the general population. The following four classes were identified: illegal behaviors, substance use, illegal behaviors with problematic substance use and normative behaviors. Most of the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. However, within the illegal behavior class former foster youth were less likely to have bought, sold, or held stolen goods; injured someone in a fight so that she or he needed medical attention; to have sold drugs; and to have been drunk at school or work. Additionally, in the illegal behaviors with problematic substance use class emerging adults in the general population were more likely to have used cocaine. Within the normative behaviors class, former foster youth were more likely to be current smokers, and to have injured someone in a fight so that he or she required medical attention. Within the substance use class, emerging adults from the general population were more likely to have taken place in a fight where one group fought another. Additional statistically significant, but very small differences were also identified.

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“…These may include major mental health problems, frequently compounded by substance abuse, and physical absences due to incarceration (Davis, 2009). Conversely, CIC who develop stronger relationships with caregivers are at less risk for developing antisocial behaviours, but the likelihood of forging strong bonds may diminish as youth experience multiple placement shifts (Grogan-Kaylor et al, 2008).…”

Section: Risks Unique To Cicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McCord, W. McCord, & Thurber, 1960), it has been evident that placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care (CIC), is associated with involvement in the youth and/or adult criminal justice systems (CJS). More recent research confirms that CIC are at greater risk of engaging in antisocial behaviour in adolescence and adulthood than those (non-CIC) who have not been placed in care (Alltucker, Bullis, Close, & Yovanoff, 2006;Barth, 1990;Davis, 2009;Jonson-Reid & Barth, 2000;Newton, Litrownik, & Landsverk, 2000;Taussig, 2002). Yet, despite the consistency of the research regarding this relationship, the question of why such a large proportion of CIC become involved in the CJS remains unclear and is an increasingly controversial policy issue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

The Over-Representation of Children in Care in the Youth Criminal Justice System in British Columbia: Theory and Policy Issues

Corrado

Freedman

Blatier

2011

IJCYFS

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Placement in child protection services, or becoming a child in care, is associated with a disproportionate involvement in youth and adult criminal justice systems. While there is not extensive research on this relationship, there is evidence that many children in care have risk profiles consistent with criminal justice involvement. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of exposure to risk factors related to mental health, education, and antisocial behaviour among children in care, in addition to risk factors that are distinctive to those placed in child protection services. A recent large cohort dataset from British Columbia, Canada, is utilized to examine these risk profiles. Recommendations to identify those involved in child protection services most at risk for criminal justice involvement, with the use of risk management instruments such as the Cracow Instrument, are discussed. In addition, several other important policy themes regarding diagnostic and case management challenges are explored.

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Foster Care Youth: Aging Out of Care to Criminal Activities

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Predicting Recidivism of Aboriginal Youth Offenders: A Look at an Established Risk Assessment Tool and Culturally-Specific Predictors

Predicting Recidivism of Aboriginal Youth Offenders: A Look at an Established Risk Assessment Tool and Culturally-Specific Predictors

Typologies of substance use and illegal behaviors: A comparison of emerging adults with histories of foster care and the general population

The Over-Representation of Children in Care in the Youth Criminal Justice System in British Columbia: Theory and Policy Issues

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