Effect of ion-irradiation induced defects on the nanocluster Si ∕ Er 3 + coupling inEr-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 021909 (2007); 10.1063/1.2752538 Formation and oxidation of Si nanoclusters in Er-doped Si-rich Si O x J. Appl. Phys. 97, 096108 (2005); 10.1063/1.1894600Room-temperature 1.54 μm photoluminescence from Er-doped Si-rich silica layers obtained by reactive magnetron sputteringWe have studied photoluminescence ͑PL͒ from an Er-doped Si-rich Si oxide ͑SRSO͒ film thermally annealed under different conditions. Compared to the case of annealing in N 2 alone, double-step annealing the film at 875°C in N 2 and then at ϳ850°C in O 2 or vice versa increases Er PL intensities by 10%-15%; while double-step annealing in N 2 +5%H 2 ͑FG͒ and then in O 2 or vice versa yields significant enhancements of the PL from the SRSO matrix and the Er PL intensity decreases differently by exchanging the processing order. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that silicon oxynitride forms after annealing in FG ambient, and for the samples initially oxidized, the increase of Er PL intensity after secondary annealing in N 2 ͑or FG͒ is due to more Si nanoclusters being formed. The PL spectra exhibit different annealing behavior with increasing the FG annealing temperature and the processing order. Weak oxygen bonds and silicon oxynitrides are believed to form upon O 2 and FG annealing, respectively, and play important roles in the PL.