Formation of PCDD/PCDF

Abstract

One option of recycling used contaminated packaging is to recover its high energy content. This can be performed in a normal multi-fuel power plant by co-combustion of packaging-derived fuel (PDF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) with fossil fuels, such as coal or peat. This work includes the results of 17 co-combustion tests and an evaluation of the results by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Partial Least Squares Projections to Latent Structures (PLS).PCA and PLS calculations showed that especially Pb, but also Cr, and Cu correlated with lower chlorinated furans (PCDFs) in the fly ash. Correlation between Sn and lower chlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) in the fly ash was also noticed. CO and PAH emission in the flue gas correlated with total PCDD/Fs in the flue gas. In a real full-scale combustion process, a single parameter in fuel, flue gas or a combustion parameter did not provide a guide to PCDD/F formation or to a level of the total PCDD/F emission, but correlations between different parameters and PCDD/Fs could be found. Although PDFs and RDF had catalytic heavy metals and chlorine, the co-combustion results showed that they can be co-combusted with peat and coal in a fluidized-bed boiler at least up to 26 % with very low total PCDD and PCDF emissions.

Emission Characteristics of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans from the Co-combustion of Municipal Solid Waste in a Lab-Scale Drop-Tube Furnace

“…Thus far, some experiments about the co-combustion of refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) and coal have been carried out, to study the energy efficiency of plants, high-temperature chlorine-induced corrosion, and release features of regular emissions, heavy metals, organic compounds, ,, etc. Manninen et al found that the RDFs can be co-combusted with coal up to 20% with very low heavy metal and PCDD/F emissions. Moreover, Jin et al studied the combustion efficiency and emission characteristics of SO 2 , HCl, NO x , PCDD/Fs, and heavy metals from a small coal-burning system with the addition of a different ratio of MSW.…”

Patterns and levels of PCDD/F in a Chinese graphite electrode sludge

“…It indicates that large amounts of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are produced in the sludge when graphite is heated and chlorinated in the electrolytical cell. So, it is regarded as one of the principal industrial sources of dioxin [7] . It is observed that the total level of PCDD/F is as high as 378.85 µg/kg sludge and PCDFs are predominant.…”

“…T race contaminants in chemical industry, products of combustion from municipal incinerators, pulp bleaching process and automo tive emissions, etc. are the principal input of PCDD/F to the environment [1,2] . Considering the persistence in environment and their lipophilicity, the sources, fate and the ecological effects of PCDD/F have attracted a great deal of attention from both scientists and the public in the world.…”