Patterns and levels of PCDD/F in a Chinese graphite electrode sludge

Xu, Ying; Zhang, Qinghua; Wu, Wenzhong; Li, Wen

doi:10.1007/bf02898890

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Past experiences from China, Germany, Sweden and the USA have demonstrated that the chlor-alkali process can generate large amounts of PCDD/Fs (Lutz et al 1991;Rappe et al 1990Rappe et al , 1991Wu et al 2001;Xu et al 2000; see Table 3 in the Appendix, and Table 2). Other unintentionally produced POPs include PCBs, HCB (Lutz et al 1991) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) (Kannan et al 2000).…”

Section: Pcdd/f Contaminated Sites From the Production Of Chlorinementioning

confidence: 96%

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

Weber¹,

Gaus²,

Tysklind

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

342

210

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With the continuing shift of industrial activities in developing and transition economies, which often have poor regulation (and weak self-regulation of industries), additional global challenges regarding POPs and other contaminated sites may be expected. In this respect, a comprehensive application of the "polluter pays principle" in these countries will also be a key to facilitate the clean-up of contaminated areas and the prevention of future contaminated sites. The threats and challenges of contaminated sites and the high costs of securing/remediating the problems highlight the need for a comprehensive approach based upon integrated pollution prevention and control. If applied to all polluting (and potentially polluting) industrial sectors around the globe, such an approach will prove to be both the cheapest and most sustainable way to underpin the development of industries in developing and transition economies.

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Section: Pcdd/f Contaminated Sites From the Production Of Chlorinementioning

confidence: 96%

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

Weber¹,

Gaus²,

Tysklind

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

342

210

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“…In 1999, about 342 000 tons alkali was produced and the capacity of chloralkali production in Tianjin was the second largest in China (Song, 2000(Song, , 2001. Many studies have reported that PCP production may be a very important source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) (Hagenmaier and Hermann, 1987;Rappe et al, 1991;Bao et al, 1995;Zheng et al, 1997;Xu et al, 2000). Endemic chloracne among the workers in a plant located in this chemical industry zone had been noted since 1974 (Cheng et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls pollution in sediments from the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River in Tianjin City, China

et al. 2007

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The pollution status of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediments of Haihe River, which is the most polluted among the seven largest basins in China, Dagu Drainage River flowing through a chemical industry zone, and two other rivers flowing into Bohai Sea in Tianjin City, China were investigated. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the sediments from the mainstream of Haihe River were 1.3-26 pg I-TEQ g À1 dry weight (dw) and 0.07-0.54 pg TEQ g À1 dw, respectively. Heavy PCDD/Fs and PCBs pollution, with 1264 pg I-TEQ g À1 dw and 21 pg TEQ g À1 dw, was found in sediment from Dagu Drainage River. The congener profiles of PCDD/Fs indicated that the principal contamination source was the production of pentachlorophenol (PCP) or PCP-Na in this area. The correlation between PCDD/Fs or PCBs and total organic matter (TOM) showed that PCDD/Fs or PCBs were independent on TOM.

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“…The US EPA, however, had concluded in 1994 that PCDD/F-contaminated sites and other reservoirs are likely to become the major source of contemporary pollution problems (US EPA 1994). It has since been well established that the largest historic releases and stockpiles/wastes of PCDD/Fs are associated with the chlorine-and particularly organochlorine-industry (Garabrant et al 2009;Götz et al 2013;Holt et al 2010;Nie et al 2014;Stellman et al 2003;Weber et al 2008a, b;Weber and Varbelow 2013;Xu et al 2000;Zheng et al 2008). These legacies need to be assessed and adequately addressed to minimise human exposure and to protect the environment from further pollution by the release of PCDD/Fs and other POPs and persistent toxic pollutants from landfills/dumps and other reservoirs (Weber et al 2011a, b).…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Hongwen Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive PCDD/F contamination at the Khimprom organochlorine plant in Ufa—a review and recommendations for future management

Amirova¹,

Weber

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The Khimprom plant in Ufa was one of the largest organochlorine production facilities in Russia. This paper summarises the residual pollution of the site with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and highlights the current and future challenges in relation to remediation of the site. Preliminary assessment of the pollution shows large-scale PCDD/F contamination at the site from half a century production of organochlorine pesticides and solvents. This contamination is affecting the city, and 2500 residents live within 3 km with a further 350,000 living within 7 km of the factory. The current PCDD/F pollution of the site and the continuing releases highlight the urgent need for further investigations, for the site to be secured and for the contamination to be remediated. The production history of the plant means that also other unintentionally POPs, mercury and chlorinated solvents need to be considered. The current regulatory framework for PCDD/F-contaminated soil and for defining hazardous waste in the Russian Federation is not appropriate for the management of PCDD/F-contaminated sites. It is therefore suggested that a science-based regulatory framework should be developed. The Russian Federation recently ratified the Stockholm Convention providing a foundation for the development of appropriate regulations and for further assessment, securing and remediation of the site. The impacts of pollution from the Khimprom plant demonstrate that the assessment and management of the organochlorine production sites should be a priority in the implementation of the Stockholm Convention by the Russian Federation and other countries.

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Patterns and levels of PCDD/F in a Chinese graphite electrode sludge

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

Dioxin- and POP-contaminated sites—contemporary and future relevance and challenges

Occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls pollution in sediments from the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River in Tianjin City, China

Massive PCDD/F contamination at the Khimprom organochlorine plant in Ufa—a review and recommendations for future management

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