Formation of Nitrates in Soil after Freezing and Thawing

Lyon, T. L.; Bizzell, J. A.

doi:10.2134/agronj1913.00021962000500010006x

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Cui et al (2014) showed that soil becomes looser and pore orientation changes after freezing-thawing. The first of the repeated freezingthawing cycles has the strongest influence on the hydraulic permeability, and on the changes in soil volume and strength (Boynton and Daniel, 1985;Othman and Benson, 1993;Viklander, 1998;Wang et al, 2007;Yong et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the freezing–thawing effect in sand–silt mixtures using elastic waves and electrical resistivity

Kang

Lee

2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the freezing–thawing effect in sand–silt mixtures using elastic waves and electrical resistivity

Kang

Lee

2015

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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“…Several studies on FT effects have utilized uniaxial or triaxial testing (e.g. Yong et al, 1985;Wang et al, 2007;Qi et al, 2008), but different conclusions were found dependent on soil type and applied conditions. Ultrasonic wave propagation, taking the advantage of being non-destructive, may provide a very effective method to study the effect of FT cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of temperature and cycles on acoustic and mechanical properties of frozen soils

2009

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The influence of temperature and Freeze-Thaw (FT) processes on the mechanical properties of frozen soils were investigated in the laboratory in order to give a better understanding of changes in engineering properties of frozen soils. The experimental data revealed a dependence of compressional and shear wave velocity of frozen soils on temperature, soil type and FT cycles. Compressional wave velocity showed a strong correlation to the unfrozen water content dependent on soil type, while shear wave velocity was mainly influenced by the ice content and the soil matrix. Compressional and shear wave velocity changed for samples subject to FT cycling, which appears to be caused by alterations in the soil structure. Elastic constants were calculated based on the wave propagation theory and compared to results from uniaxial compression tests. The dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and compressive strength increased with descending temperature. FT cycles reduced the compressive strength, and influenced the dynamic elastic constants. Poisson's ratios of all tested soils not subject to FT cycling decreased upon a change in negative temperature; while the opposite trend was observed for soils influenced by FT cycles.

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“…An elaborated study of the behavior of soils subjected to freezing and thawing in a laboratory was done by Yong et al (1985). The purpose of their research was to determine the effects of cyclic freeze–thaw on the liquid limit, the specific surface area, the cation exchange capacity, and the percentage finer than 2 μm of high‐moisture‐content, sensitive, natural clayey soils not previously subjected to freezing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The effect of the freeze–thaw on the other soil properties has been investigated most often with reference to the shear or compressive strength (Baykal and Türe, 1998; Ogata et al, 1985; Yong et al, 1985; Cokca and Yilmaz, 2004; Ghazavi and Roustaie, 2010) and permeability (Hohmann‐Porebska, 2002; Baykal and Türe, 1998; Chamberlain and Gow, 1979; Nagasawa and Umeda, 1985; Cokca and Yilmaz, 2004; Fall et al, 2009). While the strength characteristics principally deteriorate as a result of cyclic freezing and thawing, results referring to permeability are inconsistent, with both increases and decreases reported, depending on the soil characteristics, the experimental conditions, and other factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unfrozen Water Content in Representative Bentonites of Different Origin Subjected to Cyclic Freezing and Thawing

Kozłowski

Nartowska

2013

Vadose Zone Journal

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The unfrozen water content in frozen soils strongly infl uences heat and mass transport processes. Despite massive research work, the actual implica ons of the freeze-thaw process on unfrozen water s ll remain unknown. The main objec ve of this study was to examine the hypothe cal eff ect of a number of previous freeze-thaw cycles on the unfrozen water content during the current cycle. Several bentonites (Stx-1b from Wyoming, SWy-2 from Texas, as well as Ca, Na, and K forms of bentonite from Chmielnik) with diff erent water contents were subjected to repeated freezing to −90°C and thawing at 20°C in a diff eren al scanning calorimeter (DSC). The total number of cycles was fi ve. The unfrozen water contents were determined on warming during each cycle by the use of the stochas c deconvolu on of the DSC signal. According to the ANOVA results, the freeze-thaw eff ect on the unfrozen water content w u in the bentonites was not sta s cally signifi cant. A clear pa ern of altera ons of w u with the number of consecu ve cycles could be dis nguished, however, depending on the major exchangeable ca on. The kind of exchangeable ca on played a predominant role in the temperature dependence of the unfrozen water content. The specifi c surface area strongly aff ected the unfrozen water content at lower temperatures, i.e., at −5°C and below. Closer to 0°C, the eff ect of the specifi c surface became absolutely insignifi cant, and the clay frac on content determined by the laser diff rac on method proved to be the soil property best correla ng with the unfrozen water content at −1°C.Abbrevia ons: DSC, diff eren al scanning calorimeter.The frost phenomena in soils play an important role in many types of problems in such varied fi elds as civil engineering, road geotechnics, agriculture, and meteorology. Many aspects of "frost geotechnics" have been being analyzed by many researchers for >100 yr. Th ese include a general physics of the process, i.e., the freezing point depression and the water remaining unfrozen under the freezing point, frost heaving and the associated phenomena of mass transport, the mechanical properties of frozen soil, and many others. Th e cycling of freezing and thawing can be seen in this context in two ways. First, the freeze-thaw cycles generate their own specifi c phenomena, such as the resulting alteration of the soil structure and microstructure. Second, the history of previous cyclic freezing and thawing may aff ect the frost phenomena and soil properties as observed in a current freezing cycle or in the thawed state. Hence, an experimental design can be planned with the object to determine and, in some cases, explain the extent and kind of possible impact.Th e alteration of the soil microstructure and fabric due to cyclic freezing and thawing seems to have been confi rmed by many researchers by the use of scanning electron microscopy. Kujala and Laurinen (1989) observed that as a result of repeated freezing and thawing, the plate-like clay particles of their soil samples became aggregated in a rand...

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Formation of Nitrates in Soil after Freezing and Thawing

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of the freezing–thawing effect in sand–silt mixtures using elastic waves and electrical resistivity

Evaluation of the freezing–thawing effect in sand–silt mixtures using elastic waves and electrical resistivity

The influence of temperature and cycles on acoustic and mechanical properties of frozen soils

Unfrozen Water Content in Representative Bentonites of Different Origin Subjected to Cyclic Freezing and Thawing

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