Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product

Choi, Jonghyun; Valentine, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00303-7

Cited by 382 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although chlorination led to the decrease of UV254, the genotoxic potential increased by 8.7% for 5 mg/l chlorine dose and 15.2% for 10 mg/l chlorine dose, respectively. The existence of ammonia in the secondary effluent caused the formation of chloramines during chlorination, which may produce DBPs with toxicities far more potent than those currently regulated (Plewa et al, 2004;Choi and Valentine, 2002;Richardson et al, 2007). Further works are necessary to elucidate the reason for the increase of genetic toxicity.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wastewater reclamation technologies based on in vitro and in vivo bioassays

Cao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2009

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of wastewater reclamation technologies based on in vitro and in vivo bioassays

Cao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2009

Science of The Total Environment

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“…However, these chemicals have not been recognised as important drinking water contaminants until quite recently. The increased attention has arisen largely as a result of reports during the last decade showing that N-nitrosamines could be commonly formed as disinfection byproducts during chloramination of wastewaters [2] and drinking waters [3,4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography–electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry

McDonald

Harden

Nghiem

et al. 2012

Talanta

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, S. J. (2012). Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography-electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry a b s t r a c t A method has been developed for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in drinking water and treated municipal effluent. The method uses solid phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography (GC) and analysis by tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) with electron ionization (EI). The target compounds are N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethyethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosodiethylamineThe use of direct isotope analogues for isotope dilution analysis of all analytes ensures accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may occur during sample processing, extraction and instrumental analysis. Method detection levels (MDLs) were determined to describe analyte concentrations sufficient to provide a signal with 99% certainty of detection. The established MDLs for all analytes were 0.4-4 ng L À 1 in a variety of aqueous matrices. Sample matrices were observed to have only a minor impact on MDLs and the method validation confirmed satisfactory method stability over intra-day and inter-day analyses of tap water and tertiary treated effluent samples.

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“…NDMA is an emerging DBP formed in drinking water and wastewater treatment with chloramines (USEPA, 1997; Choi and Valentine, 2002;Mitch et al, 2003) or chlorine disinfection (Mitch et al, 2002), as well as originating from point-source pollution (contaminant from rocket fuel, plasticizers, polymers, batteries, etc.). NDMA has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1997).…”

Section: N-nitrosodimethylamine (Ndma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of methods for the determination of DBPs

Cancho-Grande

Ventura²

2013

Issue 1

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Chloroform and other bromochlorotrihalomethanes were first identified as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in chlorinated water in 1970s. Since then, many other DBPs have been identified such as haloacetonitriles, haloacetaldehydes, cyanogen halides, aldehydes, ketoacids, chlorite, bromate and other organic and inorganic compounds. Due to their occurrence and potential health risks, the U.S.EPA promulgated the Stage I Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D-DBP) Rule in 1998. To assist water utilities monitoring DBPs in their finished water, the U.S. EPA published a list of approved analytical methods under the D-DBP Rule. In 1996, the U.S. EPA also promulgated the Information Collection Rule (ICR) to collect brackground information on DBPs and pathogens for the Stage II D-DBP-Rule. Actually 500 DBPs are known but few have been investigated for their quantitative occurrence and health effects. Due to the fact that their identification and quantitation have become extremely important to drinking water companies in order to reduce or remove their presence, other analytical methods different from those proposed by U.S. EPA have been optimized and are now commented in this article.

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Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product

Cited by 382 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of wastewater reclamation technologies based on in vitro and in vivo bioassays

Evaluation of wastewater reclamation technologies based on in vitro and in vivo bioassays

Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography–electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry

Optimization of methods for the determination of DBPs

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