Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography–electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry

McDonald, James A.; Harden, Nick B.; Nghiem, Long D.; Khan, Stuart J.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.032

Cited by 74 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…N-nitrosamine concentrations were determined based on the analytical method previously developed by McDonald et al [24]. The analytical method includes solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography and quantification using tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection of trace organic chemicals by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate reverse osmosis membrane

et al. 2015

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Nghiem, L. D. (2015). Rejection of trace organic chemicals by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate reverse osmosis membrane. Desalination, 368 69-75.Rejection of trace organic chemicals by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate reverse osmosis membrane AbstractThe rejection behaviours of 41 trace organic chemicals (TrOCs) by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate (CTA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for potable water reuse were evaluated. Results reported here suggest that the rejection behaviours of TrOCs by the CTA RO membrane are mostly similar to those previously reported for the polyamide (PA) RO membrane. However, in comparison to the PA based RO membrane, hydrophobic interaction plays a greater role while electrostatic interaction is less significant in governing the rejection of TrOCs by the CTA RO membrane. No difference in rejection between positively and negatively charged compounds by the CTA RO membrane could be observed. The rejection of neutral TrOCs by the CTA RO membrane varied significantly from 25% to over 95%. Molecular size (i.e. minimum projection area) was found to be an important factor governing the rejection of neutral TrOCs. Further investigation using Nnitrosamines reveals that in addition to molecular size, hydrophobicity could significantly influence their rejection by the CTA RO membrane, while N-nitrosamine rejection by the PA RO membrane was mostly governed by molecular size. In contrast to the neutral TrOCs, most charged TrOCs selected in this investigation exhibited over 90% rejection, regardless of molecular size.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection of trace organic chemicals by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate reverse osmosis membrane

et al. 2015

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“…McDonald et al [28], which involves solid phase extraction (SPE) and subsequent quantification by gas chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with electron ionisation. Prior to GC-MS/MS analysis, 200 mL of sample was extracted to a Supelclean TM Coconut Charcoal (2 g) SPE cartridge (Supelco, St Louis, MO, USA).…”

Section: N-nitrosamine Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection of small and uncharged chemicals of emerging concern by reverse osmosis membranes: The role of free volume space within the active skin layer

Fujioka¹,

Oshima²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2013

Separation and Purification Technology

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Nghiem, L. D. (2013). Rejection of small and uncharged chemicals of emerging concern by reverse osmosis membranes: The role of free volume space within the active skin layer. Separation and Purification Technology, Rejection of small and uncharged chemicals of emerging concern by reverse osmosis membranes: The role of free volume space within the active skin layer AbstractFree-volume hole-radii of the active skin layer of one seawater and two low pressure reverse osmosis (RO) membranes -namely SWC5, ESPAB, and ESPA2 respectively -were evaluated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) with a slow positron beam. The results were related to the rejection of boric acid and eight N-nitrosamines to provide insights to the transport of these small solutes through RO membranes. At pH 8 (which is the experimental pH in this study), these solutes are uncharged. PALS analysis showed that the SWC5 has the smallest mean free-volume hole-radius (0.259 nm) among the three RO membranes investigated here. Correspondingly, the SWC5 membrane exhibited the highest rejection of boric acid and all N-nitrosamines. Results reported here also showed that the rejection of these chemicals increased in the order of increasing molecular volume. In addition, the difference in their rejection amongst the three RO membranes investigated here was most apparent for those (i.e., boric acid and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)) with a small molecular volume. The EPSA2 and ESPAB were determined to have mean freevolume hole-radius of 0.289 nm. However, the ESPAB membrane had lower water permeability and showed considerably higher rejection of boric acid and NDMA than the ESPA2 membrane. These results suggest that in addition to the mean free-volume hole-radius, other membrane parameters and properties such as the freevolume hole-radius distribution and thickness of the active skin layer can also play a role in governing the rejection of small and uncharged solutes by RO membranes. Free-volume hole-radii of the active skin layer of one seawater and two low pressure reverse 441 osmosis (RO) membranes -namely SWC5, ESPAB, and ESPA2 respectively -were 442 evaluated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) with a slow positron 443 beam. The results were related to the rejection of boric acid and eight N-nitrosamines to 444 provide insights to the transport of these small solutes through RO membranes. At pH 8 445 (which is the experimental pH in this study), these solutes are uncharged. PALS analysis 446showed that the SWC5 has the smallest mean free-volume hole-radius (0.259 nm) among the 447 three RO membranes investigated here. Correspondingly, the SWC5 membrane exhibited the 448 highest rejection of boric acid and all N-nitrosamines. Results reported here also showed that 449 the rejection of these chemicals increased in the order of increasing molecular volume. In 450 addition, the difference in their rejection amongst the three RO membranes investigated here 451 was most apparent for those (i.e., boric acid and N-nitr...

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“…McDonald et al [13] dried sorbent cartridges using a gentle stream of nitrogen rather than a vacuum, but they did not mention the flow rate or pressure used, nor whether the sorbent became completely dry. It appears that the sorbent may not have become completely dry, because their recovery rates were lower than the recovery rates achieved using our method and because the recovery rates ranged widely, from 68% at 10 ng/L to 102% at 100 ng/L.…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Chromatographic Analysis of N-Nitrosamines in Drinking Water by Completely Drying the Solid Sorbent Using Dry Air

Jung

Kim

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography–electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Rejection of trace organic chemicals by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate reverse osmosis membrane

Rejection of trace organic chemicals by a hollow fibre cellulose triacetate reverse osmosis membrane

Rejection of small and uncharged chemicals of emerging concern by reverse osmosis membranes: The role of free volume space within the active skin layer

Improving the Chromatographic Analysis of N-Nitrosamines in Drinking Water by Completely Drying the Solid Sorbent Using Dry Air

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