“…Recently, nanomaterials with various nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanosheets, have attracted great interest as promising drug carriers or antibacterial agents, attributed to their unique physicochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical properties as well as tunable structures. − Among them, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), as a kind of two-dimensional material, exhibits outstanding biocompatibility, environmental safety, and lower cytotoxicity in comparison with carbon-based nanomaterials. − Despite high chemical inertness and strong oxidation resistance, it is still possible for BN nanosheets to biodegrade in the lungs . h-BN has a lamellar structure with a hexagonal honeycomb shape composed of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) atoms, which in combination with homogeneous interlayer channels and stacked layers, tunable surface modification, adjustable structures, and stable properties can serve as one of the promising inorganic nanocarriers. − In our previous work, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) exfoliated from h-BN possess abundant edge defect sites and hydrophobic properties, which facilitate the introduction of functional groups and the loading of active ingredients through hydrophobic and π–π interactions. − Additionally, BNNSs with fewer layers by exfoliation possess considerable mechanical properties and sharp edges, which can cause physical damage in bacterial cells, also realize a synergistic bacteriostatic effect with active ingredients, and thus improve antibacterial activity . Moreover, the lamellar properties of the BNNSs are favorable for spreading and adhesion on various surfaces, thus reducing the deterioration, degradation, and leaching off of active ingredients .…”