Large Ultrathin Polyoxomolybdate-Decorated Boron Nitride Nanosheets with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity for Infection Control

Abstract

To address the challenges in bacterial infection for killing germs without using antibiotics, the development of an efficient and safe antibacterial nanomaterial to control severe bacterial infection has become a critical issue. Herein, ionic liquid (IL)-promoted simultaneous exfoliation and conjugation of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) with ammonium dimolybdate (ADM) are developed. Such an approach provides large ultrathin nanosheets with three to four layers and micron lateral dimensions and facilitates intercalation with a molybdenum (Mo) content of 6.25%. BNNS-IL-ADM provides nanoconfinement inducing capability for sustained release of Mo ions to decelerate the cumulative release rate by 30.45%. BNNS-IL-ADM imparts a superior antibacterial effect especially at a low concentration level of bioactive components, which improves the antibacterial efficiency by 92.00% against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in comparison with ADM. The enhanced antibacterial performance is strongly dependent on the synergistic effect between the BN nanocarrier and bioactive ADM, in which the bacterial cell adhesion induced by the inherent hydrophobic property of the BNNS and the nanochannels within BNNS-IL-ADM protecting the bioactive ingredient and achieving a sustained release play significant roles. BNNS-IL-ADM can serve as a safe and efficient antibacterial agent with very low cytotoxicity. Such features offer a feasible strategy for simultaneous exfoliation and functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets as a promising platform for the delivery of bioactive ingredients against bacterial infections.

Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, Optical and Bactericidal Action of Branched Sm‐Doped CuO Nano‐Lanceolates

“…Widening of band gap energy in the sample can also increase the ability to induce ROS generation [43] which in turn could serve as a possible mechanism of interaction between nanoparticles and bacteria. Consequently, the surface of the bacterial strains leads to either inhibition of bacterial growth or killing of both bacterial cells [12,13] . Thus, it can be observed that SC1 has a higher level of bacterial deactivation than SC, SC2, and SC3.…”

“…Consequently, the surface of the bacterial strains leads to either inhibition of bacterial growth or killing of both bacterial cells. [12,13] Thus, it can be observed that SC1 has a higher level of bacterial deactivation than SC, SC2, and SC3. Furthermore, the surface morphology reveals that the Smdoped CuO nano-lanceolates annealed at the comparatively low temperature of 300 °C have outstanding antibacterial activity, with the lanceolate-like structure and widening band gap being important contributors.…”

“…[4] Few research findings also suggest that suitable photons of the proper wavelength are used to illuminate the nanoparticles which contribute to the enhanced antibacterial activity because of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly hydroxyl radicals of H 2 O 2 and singlet oxygen. [11][12][13] Moreover, because of their distinctive optical characteristics, rare earth elements are frequently selected as prospective dopants for antibacterial examination. Researchers have recently become intrigued about trivalent rare earth ions (Tb 3 + , Er 3 + , Ce 3 + , Dy 3 + , Tm 3 + , and Sm 3 + ) doped with metal oxides [14][15][16][17] due to their numerous applications which include photocatalysis, [17] optoelectronics, [14] PEC energy devices, [16] and antibacterial activities.…”

“…Bacteria and viruses’ cell membranes are susceptible to the release of cations and reactive oxygen species resulting from metallic objects [4] . Few research findings also suggest that suitable photons of the proper wavelength are used to illuminate the nanoparticles which contribute to the enhanced antibacterial activity because of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly hydroxyl radicals of H 2 O 2 and singlet oxygen [11–13] . Moreover, because of their distinctive optical characteristics, rare earth elements are frequently selected as prospective dopants for antibacterial examination.…”

Metal‐2D Semiconductor Hybrid Nano‐Structure Catalyst: A New Frontier of Heterogeneous Catalysis

“…Generally, the process accepted by the scientific community for the hydrogenation of nitroarenes includes several parallel and stepwise reaction processes, which generate by-products and intermediate substances such as nitrosobenzene, phenylhydroxylamine, azobenzene, azoxybenzene, and hydrazobenzene (Scheme 1). [8,9] The main reaction is nitro groups selective hydrogenation to corresponding amines, the intermediate substances may condensation to azo and azoxy in special conditions. Although the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to the corresponding amines is highly effective, atomeconomic, and environmentally friendly, [10] the hydrogenation of nitro groups but not reducible functional groups (such as halogens, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, and esters) or over hydrogenation remains a great challenge.…”