Formation of a Compact Protective Layer by Magnesium Hydroxide Incorporated with a Small Amount of Intumescent Flame Retardant: New Route to High Performance Nonhalogen Flame Retardant TPV

Lü, Kai; Cao, Xin; Liang, Qiushi; Wang, Hengti; Cui, Xiaowen; Li, Yongjin

doi:10.1021/ie5008147

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Two HRR peaks were observed for all samples. The first peak as the consequence of ignition and the flame spread on the surface of samples appeared between 60 and 75 s after ignition. The highest peak of 382.94 kW/m 2 at 75 s corresponded to the composites with aluminum hydroxide, and the lowest peak of 293.00 kW/m 2 at 70 s was related to the composites with MAH‐5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second peak occurred when the degradation for the surface of samples started, and oxygen entered the inner part of the samples to combust with high efficiency. Finally, a carbonaceous char was formed and occurred in the range from 200 to 330 s. The highest peak of 405.78 kW/m 2 at 280 s was related to the composites with MAH‐5, and the lowest peak of 257.73 kW/m 2 at 330 s was associated with the composites with 1,2‐bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane. The HRR and THR for composites with MAH‐5 and 1,2‐bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane were reduced compared with that of composites without flame retardants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative mechanical, fire‐retarding, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(wood flour) composites with different flame retardants

Zhang

Mei

Huang

et al. 2015

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and 1,2-bis(-pentabromophenyl) ethane were incorporated into highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) and wood flour composites, and their mechanical properties, morphology, and fireretardancy performance were characterized. The addition of flame retardants slightly reduced the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of composites. Morphology characterization showed reduced interfacial adhesion among wood flour, HDPE, and flame retardants in the composites compared with control composites (HDPE and wood flour composites without the addition of flame retardants). The flame retardancy of composites was improved with the addition of the flame retardants, magnesium hydroxide and 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane, especially 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane, with a significant decrease in the heat release rate and total heat release. Char residue composition and morphology, analyzed by attenuated total reflectance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, showed that the char layer was formed on the composite surface with the addition of flame retardants, which promoted the fire performance of composites. The composites with 10 wt% 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane had good fire performance with a continuous and compact char layer on the composite surface. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 00:000-000, 2015.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative mechanical, fire‐retarding, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(wood flour) composites with different flame retardants

Zhang

Mei

Huang

et al. 2015

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…Considering these problems, many investigations have shown that some minerals, such as MH and MO, can be used as synergistic agents in IFR systems . Recently, the surface modification of nanosized particles has also been studied in order to improve compatibility and dispersity between inorganic particles and polymers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Guo

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Traditional curing agents have only a single property, while traditional synthetic organic flame-retardant hardeners often show poor tolerance to oxidants, strongly acidic or alkaline reagents, and organic solvents and have toxicity problems. Here, a novel and multifunctional flame-retardant curing agent of the inorganic substrate multifunctional curing agent of the inorganic substrate (FCIN) was proposed first and successfully prepared, and then an intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) was prepared by covalently incorporating FCIN nanoparticles (FCINs) into the EP. The curing behavior of the FCINs was investigated, showing that FCIN/EP expresses a higher global activation energy than tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)/EP and that the FCINs had strong interfacial adhesion to the EP matrix. Additionally, the FCINs were well dispersed and provided a remarkable improvement in mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the intrinsically flame-retardant EP. With the incorporation of 9 wt % FCINs into the EP, dramatic enhancements in the strength, modulus under bending, and toughness (36%, 109%, and 586%, respectively) were observed, along with 85.2%, 46.4%, 98.3%, and 77.26% decreases in the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate peak, and total smoke production, respectively, with respect to that of TEPA/EP. The mechanisms of its flame-retardant, smoke-suppression, and failure behaviors were investigated. The development of this unconventional, multifunctional flame-retardant curing agent based on an inorganic substrate showed promise for enabling the preparation of a variety of new high-performance materials (such as intrinsically flame-retardant EP and functional modified polyesters). INTRODUCTIONEpoxy resin (EP), one of the most important thermosetting polymers, has been extensively applied in the fields of composite matrixes, surface coatings, semiconductor packaging, printed circuit boards, adhesives, various electrical devices, and so on, owing to its high heat, solvent, moisture, and chemical resistance and its low shrinkage, strong adhesion to many substrates, and outstanding mechanical stiffness. 1-5 Nevertheless, improving the flame-retardant properties of epoxy polymers still represents a challenge that greatly restricts their applications because they have inherently poor flame-retardant properties and high flammability. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the EP and its composites is significant and imperative.Although halogen-containing chemicals are the most effective method for improving the flame-retardant properties of EP, they usually release toxic gases and corrosive smoke during combustion, which are detrimental to the environment and human health. 6-9 Therefore, it is very desirable to develop alternative flame retardants for EP. One effective approach for improving the flame-retardant behavior of EP without halogenated compounds adds phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing elements to the substrate or incorporates them into the structure of the materials. [10...

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“…On heating, fire‐retardant materials form foamed cellular charred layers on their surface, which protects the underlying material from the action of the heat flux or the flame. The mechanism is based on slowing up heat and mass transfer between the gas phase and the condensed phase . In most cases, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is chosen as acid source and blowing agent in IFRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polyamide 6 as a charring agent on the flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

Chen

Tang

et al. 2015

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) as a charring agent has been used in combination with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MTAPP) forming intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) which applies in polypropylene (PP). The effects of the IFRs on the flame retardancy, morphology of char layers, water resistance, thermal properties and mechanical properties of flame‐retardant PP composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical properties test. The results show that the PP/MTAPP/PA6 composites exhibit much better flame‐retardant performances than the PP/MTAPP composites. The higher LOI values and UL‐94 V‐2 of the PP/MTAPP composites with suitable amount of PA6 are obtained, which is attributed to the thick and compact char layer structure evidenced by SEM. The results from TGA and DSC demonstrate that the introduction of PA6 into PP/MTAPP composites has a great effect on the thermal stability and crystallization behaviors of the composites. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PP/MTAPP/PA6 composites are also improved greatly due to the presence of PA6 as a charring agent. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1355–1360, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Formation of a Compact Protective Layer by Magnesium Hydroxide Incorporated with a Small Amount of Intumescent Flame Retardant: New Route to High Performance Nonhalogen Flame Retardant TPV

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Comparative mechanical, fire‐retarding, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(wood flour) composites with different flame retardants

Comparative mechanical, fire‐retarding, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(wood flour) composites with different flame retardants

Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Influence of polyamide 6 as a charring agent on the flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites

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