Comparative mechanical, fire‐retarding, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(wood flour) composites with different flame retardants

Abstract

Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and 1,2-bis(-pentabromophenyl) ethane were incorporated into highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) and wood flour composites, and their mechanical properties, morphology, and fireretardancy performance were characterized. The addition of flame retardants slightly reduced the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of composites. Morphology characterization showed reduced interfacial adhesion among wood flour, HDPE, and flame retardants in the composites compared with control composites (HDPE and wood flour composites without the addition of flame retardants). The flame retardancy of composites was improved with the addition of the flame retardants, magnesium hydroxide and 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane, especially 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane, with a significant decrease in the heat release rate and total heat release. Char residue composition and morphology, analyzed by attenuated total reflectance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, showed that the char layer was formed on the composite surface with the addition of flame retardants, which promoted the fire performance of composites. The composites with 10 wt% 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane had good fire performance with a continuous and compact char layer on the composite surface. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 00:000-000, 2015.

A comprehensive review on plant‐based natural fiber reinforced polymer composites: Fabrication, properties, and applications

“…[266] The HDPE wood flour composites with 10 wt% 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane had great fire execution as it advanced the arrangement of consistent and compacted roast layer on the composite surface, which went about as an effective actual boundary to burning of composites. [267] The varying temperatures at which cellulose decomposes range between 200 and 350 C. The residual recovered after decomposition consists of flammable volatiles and gasses, non-combustible gasses, tars, and some char. [266] Similarly, the decomposition of the hemicellulose takes place at a range of temperature between 200 and 260 C, and residuals of this is non-combustible gasses and tar, which are less than cellulose.…”

“…[ 266 ] Similarly, the decomposition of the hemicellulose takes place at a range of temperature between 200 and 260°C, and residuals of this is non‐combustible gasses and tar, which are less than cellulose. [ 267 ] Then lignin decomposition takes place at 160 and 400°C that is basically because of the differing bonding condition. Lignin has a greater influence on the degradation of cellulose.…”

Fire retardancy improvement of high‐density polyethylene composites based on thermomechanical pulp treated with ammonium polyphosphate

“…Stark et al and Sain et al reported positive effects with magnesium hydroxide (MH), whereas no benefit regarding the use of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) was indicated by Arao et al . Zhang et al compared the effectiveness of ATH, MH, and 1,2‐bis(‐pentabromophenyl) ethane in HDPE‐based WPC and concluded that the latter FR exhibited the best fire resistance.…”