Formalny i materialny wymiar partnerstwa strategicznego Polski i Ukrainy

Abstract

The article attempts to analyse selected formal and material dimensions of the strategic partnership between Poland and Ukraine. Formally, the level of strategic relations has been achieved due to an appropriate arrangement of treaty relations and relevant declarations. In the material dimension, however, Polish-Ukrainian relations do not fully correspond to the level of strategic partnership, which would require efforts to increase investment, improve trade, unify and integrate transmission systems, as well as to expand and improve the infrastructure of border crossings. Moreover, the potential of cooperation in defense industries is not fully exploited. The implementation of the strategic partnership formula requires completing the process of Polish-Ukrainian reconciliation and renouncing the policy of using history for political purposes. A permanent element of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation is public diplomacy, which can play an important role during deterioration of mutual inter-state relations.

Information manipulation and historical revisionism: Russian disinformation and foreign interference through manipulated history-based narratives

“…Examples of the latter include historical anniversaries, such as 75. Anniversary of liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau in 2020, and related commemoration of Victory Day in Moscow in the same year ( Baluk & Demczuk, 2020, p. 17–18 ). These occasions have brought a visible engagement of Russian political leaders who underlined the role of Russia in liberation from fascism, and to re-iterate its unique role as a primary victory over fascism, and speculations of the Euro-Atlantic tacit agreements with the Third Reich (symmetric to Ribbentrop-Molotov pact) voiced in the article written by the President Putin in the National Interest in June 2020 ( Domańska & Rogoża, 2021, p. 37 ).…”

Polskie i ukraińskie koncepcje bezpieczeństwa i współpracy w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej w XXI w.

“…W przypadku Ukrainy nie określono jednoznacznie koncepcji partnerstwa strategicznego. W latach 1991−2014 odnotowano 19 przypadków ogłoszenia przez prezydentów i premierów Ukrainy innych państw mianem partnera strategicznego (Baluk, 2018) (Umland, 2016). "Nowe Międzymorze" miało być blokiem sojuszniczym, opartym głównie na współpracy Ukrainy z Polską (Terpiłowski, 2017).…”

“…Konsekwencją zmian w relacjach polsko-ukraińskich po 2015 r. była ewolucja w określeniu partnerstwa strategicznego oraz polityki bezpieczeństwa w Polsce i Ukrainie. O ile w Strategiach bezpieczeństwa Narodowego RP (2003RP ( , 2007 Polska opowiedziała się za kształtowaniem partnerstwa strategicznego z Ukrainą (Baluk 2018), o tyle w znowelizowanej Strategii bezpieczeństwa narodowego Ukrainy z 2015 r. (Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy № 287/2015), zewnętrzne aktywności państwa ukraińskiego określono w sposób ogólny. Podkreślono konieczność pogłębienia współpracy z UE i NATO i rezygnacji ze statusu pozablokowego oraz przygotowania państwa do członkostwa w tych organizacjach.…”

Regional differentiation of commodity trade of Ukraine with Poland

“…Articles written by Ambroziak and Błaszczuk-Zawiła (2016), Baluk (2018), Wosiek and Kata (2019), Komornicki (2009aKomornicki ( , 2009bKomornicki ( , 2010, Kalita (2008), Kalita, Puchalska, Barwińska-Małajowicz (2007), Powęska (2016), Jakimowicz (2004) are notable among Polish scientific publications addressing the certain issues of Polish-Ukrainian trade ties. Thus, Baluk (2018), considering the formal and material dimensions of the strategic partnership between Poland and Ukraine, focuses on the economic dimensions of employees' quality along with political dimensions, and analyzes the share of the Ukrainian-Polish external trade for the period from 2010 up to 2014. Baluk points to a significant increase in the bilateral trade, indicating that Poland is one of Ukraine's main trading partners.…”