The purpose of this article is to examine the status of the Ukrainian-Polish bilateral trade links, to identify regional characteristics and disparities in the Ukrainian commodity trade with Poland. The place of Poland in the geographical structure of commodity exports and imports with regard to Ukrainian regions has been studied. Balance and connectivity coefficients of commodity trade with Poland have been calculated for 25 regions of Ukraine. Regionally influenced differentiations between the Ukrainian and Polish regional commodity trade links have been revealed. The groups of Ukrainian regions have been determined on the basis of the level of their commodity trade balance and type of external trade links with Poland.
Trade relations with EU countries have intensified since the signing of the EU-Ukraine Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA). The EU lifted trade restrictions on Ukrainian exports and allowed Ukraine to expand trade in goods with the most developed countries, including France. In this paper, we aim to exam-ine the spatial features of trade between Ukrainian regions and France in the context of growing trade and economic relations. We applied various methods such as comparative geographical analysis, statistical analysis, mapping, time series approach, typology and correlation analysis to study the dynamics of trade in goods between Ukrainian regions and France from 2017 to 2021 and to reveal the main geographical features in the distribution of export-import flows. Trade turnover with France increased the most in regions with a high level of socio-economic development. It was found that trade between the regions of Ukraine and France is characterised by spatial asymmetry due to the element of geographical distance. Compared to the eastern regions, the western regions have a higher volume of exports and imports of commodities and a higher coefficient of trade linkage with France. In the spatial differentiation of trade in goods between Ukraine and France, there is a high variability and asymmetry in export and import measures.
The purpose of this article is to examine the current status of economic ties between Ukraine and Czechia, identify main trends in the contemporary commodity trade between Ukraine and Czechia, and to investigate the regional structure of Ukraine's external trade with Czechia. The article employs the coefficients of equilibrium and connectivity of regional trade links between Ukraine and Czechia in order to classify Ukrainian regions into distinct categories based on the degree of connectivity of commodity trade and the types of trade links between these two countries.
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