Formaldehyde Release from Plywood Manufactured with Two Types of Urea Formaldehyde Resins after Fire Retardant Treatment of Veneers

Abstract

In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the formaldehyde release of plywood panels manufactured from beech, poplar, alder and scots pine veneers treated with 5 % aqueous solutions of commonly used fi re retardants: zinc borate, boric acid, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate. Two types of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin with different free formaldehyde ratios (0.16 % and 0.20 %) in adhesive were used as adhesive. Formaldehyde release of plywood panels was determined according to fl ask method described in EN 717-3 standard. As a result of this study, it was found that formaldehyde release from panels produced by beech, poplar, alder and scots pine veneers treated with zinc borate and boric acid were higher than those of control panels, while lower formaldehyde release was obtained for panels treated with monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate. This is valid for all four wood species. Treatment of monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate caused considerable reduction in formaldehyde emission from manufactured plywood panels. In some usage areas, where high strength properties are not expected, plywood panels manufactured from veneers treated with monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate may be used for reducing formaldehyde release.

The reduction of adhesive application in plywood manufacturing by using nanocellulose‐reinforced urea‐formaldehyde resin

“…In addition to increased shear strength, the addition of nanocellulose also led to a major reduction in formaldehyde emission by 53%. This is especially important because due to potential carcinogenicity, formaldehyde is categorized more restrictively than most other pollutants 24,25 . However, research conducted by Ayrilmis et al 26 did not confirm that major reduction in the amount of emitting formaldehyde.…”

Akustična svojstva drvnih i nedrvnih materijala za izradu kućišta klavira

“…Plywood may be used for small harp soundboards, for example (Waltham and Yoshikawa, 2018;Gunji et al, 2012). In terms of sustainability and environmental friendliness, the tendency is to decrease emissions of formaldehyde from urea-formaldehyde glues (Bilgin and Colakoglu, 2021;Kawalerczyk et al, 2020;Demir et al, 2018).…”

Hemp flour as a formaldehyde scavenger for melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive in plywood production

“…Furthermore, changing the composition of adhesive mixture can also lead to increased water resistance, reactivity, and the reduction of formaldehyde content, which is very important especially in the case of amino resins. Although MUF resins have a lower amount of free formaldehyde compared to UF resins, they still generate harmful formaldehyde emissions, which should be reduced (Luo et al 2015a;Demir et al 2018). Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the simplest naturally occurring aldehyde, and it is categorized more distinctly than most other pollutants because of its potential carcinogenic effect on human health (Salem et al 2013).…”