The objective of this study is to determine the agricultural biomass potential in terms of types, quantities, regional distribution in Turkey, and to review and assess efficient technologies for energy exploitation of agricultural biomass potential in Turkey. The calorific values of a selection of agricultural residues were determined by stoichiometric analyses. It was found that the total calorific value of the field crop residues was around 228 PJ for the production period of 2002-2003 in Turkey. The major crops that take place in the ratio of the total calorific value are maize (33.4%), wheat (27.6%), and cotton (18.1%). The total calorific value of the fruit residue was 75 PJ. The major fruits are hazelnut (55.8%) and olive (25.9%) for the agricultural biomass. The total calorific values for cow, sheep, and poultry wastes in Turkey were found to be approximately 47.8, 3.6, and 8.7 PJ/year, respectively. Thus, the total agricultural biomass potential was found to be approximately 363.1 PJ/year for the production period of 2002-2003 in Turkey. The available agricultural and animal residues in Turkey have been estimated to be roughly equal to 22-27% of energy consumption in Turkey. However, the actual role of bio-fuels in energy production is minimal. The most efficient way to utilise bio-fuels in energy production is combined heat and power production. The most potential applications to utilise agro-bio-fuels in energy production in Turkey seem to be relatively small-scale applications. The most interesting size of the plant is below 10-20 MW.
In this study, the examination of techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation were carried out by taken into account a PV power plant that has the capacity of 100 kW e as an example, in the province of Adana, Turkey. For this purpose, the technical characteristics of the PV array, the amount of electricity production, the cost of electricity production, investment and operating costs, payback periods and the amount of CO 2 emissions reduction were determined for the solar PV plant. By using the total area of 653.4 m 2 PV cell, total 135,403 MWh of electricity was produced in the power plant. To this end, total 5 units of PV arrays were required with the surface area of 130.7 m 2 each. In this case, the system efficiency was determined as 12.2%, the annual specific efficiency of the system was 1,352 kWh/kW and the amount of CO 2 emissions reduction was obtained as 119,830 Mg/year. The payback period of the system was 7.8 years and the electricity production cost was 0.1400 TL (Turkish Liras)/kWh, respectively.
Aim of study: Formaldehyde content of most of resins used in wood based composite production, wood composite materials have been seen a threat on human health and environment. Therefore, numerous studies have been made to develop an effective method to decrease formaldehyde emission from the wood based panels and various methods have been tried. The aim of the study was to investigate those effects of press parameters on some technological properties of polystren composite plywood.
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