Formaldehyde in Occupied and Unoccupied Caravans in Australia

Dingle, Peter; Tan, R.; Cheong, C.D.

doi:10.1177/1420326x0000900313

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Higher values are occasionally encountered, especially in dwellings with urea-formaldehyde foam insulation [55]. Although this is less used nowadays as a building material formaldehyde is often encountered indoors as a residual chemical from the manufacture of insulation boards [56,57]. Since formaldehyde has been shown to be carcinogenic in rats, much of the interest in its presence arises through fears that it may also be a human carcinogen.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects due to Indoor Air Pollution

Hoskins

2003

Indoor and Built Environment

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The indoor micro-environment has its own pollutants and pollution levels indoors may be higher than those outdoors. This is particularly so when there are combustion processes associated with cooking heating or smoking coupled with poor ventilation. About half the world’s population have to rely for cooking; and associated space heating on simple household stoves using unprocessed solid fuels that have high emission factors, with the consequence that they are exposed to high levels of health-damaging air pollutants. Cooking can produce very high concentrations of particles and biomass fuels emit hundreds of chemicals during small-scale combustion, such as in household cooking or heating stoves. Tobacco smoke may add to other biomass smoke and all these together cause considerable human ill health world-wide. Most indoor air pollutants directly affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and the severity of the effect varies according to both the intensity and the duration of exposure, and also the health status of the population exposed. The importance of this is that some members of the population may be at greater risk than others. A number of the chemicals found in the indoor environment are classed as carcinogens although at the levels found the probability that they will cause cancer is extremely low. This is not to lessen the problem. In a 1987 study, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ranked indoor air pollution fourth in cancer risk among the 13 top environmental problems analysed.

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Section: Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects due to Indoor Air Pollution

Hoskins

2003

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…However, it is always better to be too thorough than too simplistic. Dear Sir, I found the article 'Formaldehyde in Occupied and Unoccupied Caravans in Australia' to be an interesting exposure study and it provides useful information on formaldehyde exposure in caravans [ 1 ]. However, I must take exception with the reporting of the summary data and statistical analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for exposure data, it is suggested that the W test is most appropriate, particularly for sample populations with less than 50 measurements [2][3][4]. For exposure samples, including area samples as reported in the article [1], previous studies [3,7,10,11,17] have suggested the distribution to be nonnormal and to best fit a logarithmic function. When these data, the exposure samples, are transformed using logarithms, distribution would then appear normal.…”

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confidence: 99%