Formaldehyde in China: Production, consumption, exposure levels, and health effects

Tang, Xiaojiang; Bai, Yang; Duong, Anh Thuy; Smith, Martyn T.; Li, Laiyu; Zhang, Luoping

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2009.06.002

Cited by 607 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Despite a typically decreasing level of indoor formaldehyde after home remodeling, it is nonetheless common to see high levels of formaldehyde up to 1 year after home redecoration in Chinese urban areas [22]. Zhang et al [23] in a study of 11 cities in Jiangxi Province in China showed a high level of formaldehyde 2 years after home remodeling, 0.138 mg/m 3 , decreased from 0.25 mg/m 3 at the time of remodeling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New furniture in the home is most likely made of artificial board, synthesized resin and new paint, which may strongly emit formaldehyde, other VOCs including BTX (benzene, toluene and xylene) and SVOCs [22]. Despite a typically decreasing level of indoor formaldehyde after home remodeling, it is nonetheless common to see high levels of formaldehyde up to 1 year after home redecoration in Chinese urban areas [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal and early life home environment exposure in relation to preschool children’s asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Taiyuan, China

et al. 2013

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and early life home environment exposure in relation to preschool children’s asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Taiyuan, China

et al. 2013

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“…Indoor carbonyl concentrations have been measured worldwide in various microenvironments, such as hospitals (Yu and Crump, 2006), temples (Ho and Yu, 2002), academic institutes (Cavalcante et al, 2005;Crump et al, 2005;Yamashita et al, 2011), subway stations and tunnels , residential buildings (Crump et al, 1997;Huang et al, 2011), shopping centers (Tang et al, 2009), hotels (Feng et al, 2004;Chan et al, 2011), cinemas (Weng et al, 2009), offices (Yu and Crump, 2000;Ongwandee et al, 2009), museums (Báez et al, 2003) and photocopy centers . However, such an evaluation is still not comprehensive on the Mainland of China (Wang et al, 2007), which has an urgent need for specialized research because of the large changeability in meteorological conditions and human behavior observed in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Cheng

Bai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Risk assessment for indoor formaldehyde and other carbonyls was investigated at an university in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Eight representative locations, including six indoor workplaces and two residential units of staff apartments and a student dormitory, were chosen. The indoor pollution origins were identified according to the variability in molar composition and correlation analysis for the target species. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), cooking activities, and office technologies such as printers and copiers can produce different degrees of carbonyls in the workplace. A one-year demonstration study conducted in a apartment showed significance of the off-gases from lacquers and new wooden furniture. The concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the most sampling locations were above the recommended exposure limits, reflecting a potential health risk to workers and occupants. Chronic daily intake (CDI) and lifetime cancer hazard risk (R) were calculated to assess the carcinogenic risks of chronic exposure to the carbonyls. The R values for formaldehyde exceeded the alarm level of 1 × 10 -6 in all sampled workplaces, but lower R values were associated with acetaldehyde. The results indicate that exposure of formaldehyde is a critical occupational health and safety concern. In addition, high risks associated with formaldehyde were also measured in the staff apartment, suggesting that the refurbishing materials and wooden furniture can potentially cause health impacts to occupants. The findings are informative to be referred in establishment of indoor air quality guidelines in China.

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“…Formaldehyde, an economically important chemical, is classified as a human carcinogen that causes different damages leading to cancer and probably leukemia (1). It is a gas at room temperature but it dissolves easily in water (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Formaldehyde-Induced Injuries in the Rat Kidney

et al. 2014

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Background: Formaldehyde (F) is a chemical component that has an extensive usage on fixation of tissues and produces different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in our body. Studies have shown that long exposure to F damages the eyes, nose and throat; in addition it has adverse effects on body organs such as the urinary system. Vitamins can reduce free ROS. Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluating the protective effect of vitamin E on the kidney damaged by formaldehyde. Materials and Methods: Male adult wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group A (control): rats received vehicle (normal saline) for two weeks. Group E1 (formaldehyde): rats received formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) for two weeks. Group E2 (formaldehyde + vitamin E): rats received formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) and vitamin E (30 mg/kg) for two weeks. After two weeks, all rats were killed, and the kidneys were dissected and processed for routine histological staining. Results: Comparison of the control and formaldehyde groups with the vitamin E group revealed that there were significant differences in lumen size and nuclear color of proximal tubules in rats treated by vitamin E (P < 0.05). Cell degeneration, lumen size, number and size of nucleus of distal tubules were statistically different among the three groups. In the vitamin E treated group observed histological changes were improved compared to the formaldehyde group. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, vitamin E probably improves the harmful effects of formaldehyde on rat kidney tissue.

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Formaldehyde in China: Production, consumption, exposure levels, and health effects

Cited by 607 publications

References 43 publications

Prenatal and early life home environment exposure in relation to preschool children’s asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Taiyuan, China

Prenatal and early life home environment exposure in relation to preschool children’s asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Taiyuan, China

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Formaldehyde-Induced Injuries in the Rat Kidney

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