Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Cheng, Yan; Bai, Yanhua; Ho, Kin Fai; Dai, Wen Ting; Cao, Jun; Lee, Shuncheng; Huang, Yu; Ip, Ho Sai Simon; Deng, Wen; Guo, Wei

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0312

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Strongly negative correlations (r > 0.80, p < 0.01) were found between the indoor formaldehyde concentration and air change rate, which demonstrated that the formaldehyde concentrations were significantly influenced by the indoor air change rate. These results agree with similar correlations obtained in other studies (Hult et al, 2015;Ho et al, 2016;Meng and Hong, 2017), which further proves that improving the ventilation in indoor environments is an effective way to control formaldehyde indoor air concentrations.…”

Section: Air Change Rate Effects On Indoor Formaldehyde Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Investigation of the Pollution Level and Affecting Factors of Formaldehyde in Typical Public Places in Guangxi, China

Hong

Meng

Xie

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study focused on measuring the concentration of formaldehyde in furniture markets, malls, hotels, and restaurants in Guilin, Liuzhou, and Nanning in Guangxi, China. Correlations between the indoor formaldehyde concentration and temperature, humidity, and air change rate were also obtained. The sixty sampled public places selected for this study represented the typical public indoor environment in Guangxi. The percentages of measured formaldehyde concentrations exceeding the standard (0.1 mg m -3 ) in furniture markets, malls, and hotels were 94%, 87%, and 20%, respectively. The highest concentrations measured in furniture markets, malls, hotels, and restaurants were 0.313 mg m ). This work shows that wood-related decorations and merchandise that contain high levels of formaldehyde are the major sources of formaldehyde pollution in indoor environments. Further analysis demonstrates that strong correlations (r > 0.80, p < 0.01) exist between the indoor formaldehyde concentration and temperature, humidity, and air change rate, which indicate that these environmental factors appear to be additional key reasons for the high levels of indoor formaldehyde pollution. The results show that a decrease in temperature and humidity or an increase in air change can effectively alleviate the level of indoor formaldehyde pollution. The findings of this study further promote the development of measures to control indoor air pollution.

show abstract

Section: Air Change Rate Effects On Indoor Formaldehyde Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Investigation of the Pollution Level and Affecting Factors of Formaldehyde in Typical Public Places in Guangxi, China

Hong

Meng

Xie

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the main anthropogenic sources of air pollution in urban atmospheres is vehicular exhaust (Lü et al, 2010, 2016; Viskari et al, 2000), with a chief component being volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Ho et al, 2016; Tunsaringkarn et al, 2012a). The main class of VOCs is aldehyde species, with the primary components being formaldehyde (HCHO, hereinafter FA) and acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO, hereinafter AA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formaldehyde and AA can be emitted directly from the source or by secondary production via photochemical reactions (Chi et al, 2007; de Carvalho et al, 2008; de Mendonça Ochs et al, 2015; Ho et al, 2016; Morknoy et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2005). Emissions sources include vegetation and anthropogenic sources such as gas stations, motor vehicle emissions, and bus terminals (Anderson et al, 1996; de Mendonça Ochs et al, 2015; Duan et al, 2012; Lü et al, 2010; Morknoy et al, 2011; Nogueira et al, 2014; Nogueira et al, 2017; Viskari et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), FA and AA are classified as group B1 (human carcinogen) and group B2 (probable human carcinogen) species, respectively (de Mendonça Ochs et al, 2015; Rodrigues et al, 2012; USEPA, 1999a, 1999b). In addition, FA leads to eye irritation, a dry or sore throat, mucous membranes, a tingling sensation of the nose, menstrual disorders, pregnancy problems, and bronchial asthma-like symptoms (Barkhordari et al, 2017; Ho et al, 2016; Kanjanasiranont et al, 2017; Tunsaringkarn et al, 2012c; U.S.EPA, 2000). Furthermore, effects of AA on the human health include headache, vomiting, eye irritation, nausea, mucous membranes, and negative impacts on skin, throat, and the respiratory tract (Kanjanasiranont et al, 2017; Tunsaringkarn et al, 2012c; U.S.EPA, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characteristics and health effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an urban area in Iran

Delikhoon

Fazlzadeh

Sorooshian

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study reports a spatiotemporal characterization of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the summer and winter of 2017 in the urban area of Shiraz, Iran. Sampling was fulfilled according to EPA Method TO-11 A. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) procedure was used for spatial mapping. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate carcinogenic and non-cancer risk owing to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure in 11 age groups. The average concentrations of formal-dehyde/acetaldehyde in the summer and winter were 15.07/8.40 μg m−3 and 8.57/3.52 μg m−3, respectively. The formaldehyde to acetaldehyde ratios in the summer and winter were 1.80 and 2.43, respectively. The main sources of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were photochemical generation, vehicular traffic, and biogenic emissions (e.g., coniferous and deciduous trees). The mean inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) values according to the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in summer and winter ranged between 7.55 × 10−6 and 9.25 × 10−5, which exceed the recommended value by US EPA. The average LTCR according to the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in summer and winter were between 4.82 × 10−6 and 2.58 × 10−4, which exceeds recommended values for five different age groups (Birth to <1, 1 to <2, 2 to < 3, 3 to <6, and 6 to <11 years). Hazard quotients (HQs) of formaldehyde ranged between 0.04 and 4.18 for both seasons, while the HQs for acetaldehyde were limited between 0.42 and 0.97.

show abstract

“…Fine particulate matter (FP), which differs from gas pollutants (Shy et al, 2015;Ho et al, 2016;Lü et al, 2016), is one of the most important hazardous pollutants (Lee et al, 2001;McGarry et al, 2011;Mullins et al, 2013;Stephens et al, 2013;Hussein et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2015;Mašková et al, 2016) as it is highly associated with public health concerns as toxic aerosol due to persistent lung damage (Matson, 2005;Gehin et al, 2008). Previous research has indicated that particles less than 0.5 µm in diameter might contribute the most to the adverse health effects of particulate air pollution and the risk of adverse health effects might increase with decreasing particle size (Meng et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Aerosol Particles from Laser Printing Process: Response Relationship between Operating Parameters and Emission Characteristics

Zhao

2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultrafine aerosol particles (UFAP, diameter < 100 nm) emitted from laser printers have been considered as toxic aerosol. To address the response relationship between the operating parameters and real-time ultrafine emissions, three commercial printers were used to experimentally investigate their emission characteristics under different operating parameters including: the ready process, the number of pages printed, the page coverage and the print mode. The results showed that ultrafine particle emissions varied with the printer model. No causal correlation existed between the ultrafine particle number concentration and the PM 2.5 mass concentration of a specific printer. Ultrafine particle emission characteristics were highly associated with operating parameters other than printer/cartridge toner model. Not all of the tested printers displayed ultrafine particle emissions in the ready process. Ultrafine particle emissions increased with increasing number of printed pages and page coverage with a nonlinear relationship. Compared with continuous printing, intermittent printing has a so-called "peak-shaving" or "peak-shift" effect. The results may help to provide a simple and effective way to control and reduce ultrafine particle emissions from laser printers by means of improvement of operating conditions.

show abstract

Risk Assessment of Indoor Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyls in Campus Environments in Northwestern China

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Investigation of the Pollution Level and Affecting Factors of Formaldehyde in Typical Public Places in Guangxi, China

Investigation of the Pollution Level and Affecting Factors of Formaldehyde in Typical Public Places in Guangxi, China

Characteristics and health effects of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an urban area in Iran

Ultrafine Aerosol Particles from Laser Printing Process: Response Relationship between Operating Parameters and Emission Characteristics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About