“…Of all the national travel demand models reviewed, the trip-based four-step approach is the most dominant methodology. Variants on the four-step approach have been employed in a number of national models in Europe, including those in Denmark (Fosgerau, 1998), Germany, Hungary, Italy (Lundqvist & Mattsson, 2001), Japan (Yao & Morikawa, 2003), the Netherlands (Daly, Fox, & Tuinenga, 2005;Gunn, Mijjer, Lindveldt, & Hofman, 1997), Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA (Ashiabor, Baik, & Trani, 2007;Baik et al, 2008;Cambridge Systematics, 2008) and in panEuropean models (Davidson & Clarke, 2004;Gaudry, 2001;Leitham, Downing, Martino, & Fiorello, 1999;Nielsen, 2007). Quite a few states adopt similar methods in their statewide models as well, such as Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Virginia, among others.…”