Foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia from 1988 to 1991

Roeder, P. L.; Abraham, G.; Mebratu, G.Y.; Kitching, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02241075

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The outbreaks in all districts were confirmed by detecting anti- (no vaccination was practiced in both areas) may be also a factor for this difference. A high animal level morbidity ranging between 60% and 100% was also reported previously in the MCL production system in eastern parts of Ethiopia (Mersie, Tafesse, Getahun, & Teklu, 1992;Roeder, Abraham, Mebratu, & Kitching, 1994) and in smallholders in other countries like a morbidity of 74% in Cambodia (Young et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and estimation of its economic impact in selected districts in northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse

Tesfahun

Molla

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven‐hoofed animals, is endemic in Ethiopia. Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and follow‐up studies were undertaken to identify the causative serotype, determine the morbidity and mortality, and estimate the economic impact of the outbreaks in selected districts of Northwest Ethiopia. The serotype of FMD virus involved in the outbreaks was identified by antigen detection ELISA from clinical samples. Morbidity, mortality and economic impact of the outbreaks were assessed based on data collected from 738 smallholder farmers in a mixed crop‐livestock (MCL) production system and from five dairy farms in the commercial dairy production system. The outbreaks were confirmed to be due to FMD virus serotype O. The animal level morbidity in clinically affected cattle herds was 68.1% for MCL production system and 54.5% for commercial dairy farms. The mortality in cattle in the MCL system was 0.4% and no mortality was recorded in the commercial dairy farms. The animal level morbidity in sheep and goats in the infected flocks was 35.7% but no mortality was seen in these species. The herd/flock level morbidity of FMD in outbreak affected kebeles of MCL system was 57.2% for cattle and 8% for sheep and goats. The economic losses due to milk loss, draught power loss, mortality and treatment cost were on average USD 34 (interquartile range: 9.4–44.4) per affected herd in the MCL system and this was statistically significantly lower than the USD 459.1 (interquartile range: 400.0–486.2) per affected farm in the commercial dairy farms (p < .05). These economic losses have significant impact in the livelihood and income of affected farmers in both production systems. Future work should focus on the implementation of control measures that mitigate the economic impact of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and estimation of its economic impact in selected districts in northwest Ethiopia

Tadesse

Tesfahun

Molla

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…The first isolation of SAT 2 was in 1989 from a sample collected from cattle raised on Leben Ranch, Borena Zone, in southern Ethiopia ( 9 ); the virus was detected for the next 2 years but not again until 2007, an apparent gap of 16 years. Phylogenetic analysis of SAT 2 viruses from Ethiopia shows 3 distinct topotypes: IV (isolates from 1989), XIV (isolates from 1991), and XIII (single isolate from 2007) (Figure 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serotypes A and SAT 2 were not identified until 1969 and 1989, respectively ( 8 , 9 ). During 1988–1991, analysis of outbreak samples from Ethiopia at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, and at the Food and Agriculture Organization World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD), Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, UK, identified serotype O and serotype SAT 2 FMDV as the causative agents ( 9 ). The occurrence of FMD in Ethiopia has apparently increased since 1990; outbreaks throughout the country are reported frequently ( 10 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007

Ayelet¹,

Mahapatra²,

Gelaye³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

132

171

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“…There is a serological evidence in sheep and cattle for antibodies against SAT‐1 and SAT‐3 in Nigeria (Ehizibolo et al., ), but this has to be confirmed using virological methods. East Africa has recorded serotype SAT‐3 only twice: in 1970 (Roeder et al., ), and in 1997 (Bastos et al., ,b; Kalema‐Zikusoka et al., ). Serotype SAT‐3 was isolated from African buffaloes in Uganda, but it has never been isolated from livestock in this region (Rweyemamu et al., ).…”

Section: Review Of the Epidemiology Of Fmd In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth Disease Transmission in Africa: Implications for Control, a Review

Tekleghiorghis

Moormann

Weerdmeester

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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In Africa, for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), more information is needed on the spread of the disease at local, regional and inter-regional level. The aim of this review is to identify the role that animal husbandry, trade and wildlife have on the transmission of FMD and to provide a scientific basis for different FMD control measures in Africa. Review of literature, published reports and databases shows that there is more long distance spread of FMD virus serotypes within North, West, Central and East Africa than in southern Africa. In North, West, Central and East Africa migratory animal husbandry systems often related with search for grazing and water as well as trade are practiced to a greater extent than in southern Africa. In southern Africa, the role of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is more extensively studied than in the other parts of Africa, but based on the densities of African buffalo in Central and East Africa, one would assume that buffalo should also play a role in the epidemiology of FMD in this part of Africa. More sampling of buffalo is necessary in West, Central and East Africa. The genetic analysis of virus strains has proven to be valuable to increase our understanding in the spread of FMD in Africa. This review shows that there is a difference in FMD occurrence between southern Africa and the rest of the continent; this distinction is most likely based on differences in animal husbandry and trade systems. Insufficient data on FMD in wildlife outside southern Africa is limiting our understanding on the role wildlife plays in the transmission of FMD in the other buffalo inhabited areas of Africa.

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Foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia from 1988 to 1991

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and estimation of its economic impact in selected districts in northwest Ethiopia

Foot and mouth disease outbreak investigation and estimation of its economic impact in selected districts in northwest Ethiopia

Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007

Foot-and-mouth Disease Transmission in Africa: Implications for Control, a Review

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