Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007

Ayelet, Gelagay; Mahapatra, Mana; Gelaye, Esayas; Egziabher, Berhe G.; Rufeal, Tesfaye; Sahle, Mesfin; Ferris, N.P.; Wadsworth, Jemma; Hutchings, G.; Knowles, Nick J.

doi:10.3201/eid1509.090091

Cited by 131 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Five of the seven serotypes of FMDv (O, A, C, SAT 2, SAT 1) are endemic in Ethiopia (Rufael et al, 2008;FAO, 2007;Ayelet et al, 2009;Negusssie et al, 2010). Studies undertaken on FMD so far revealed the existence of the disease in different parts of the country, with prevalence that vary from 8.18% in south Omo (Molla et al, 2010) to 44.2% in different parts of the country (Negusssie et al, 2010) and posing a major threat to cattle in many parts of the country, thereby causing considerable economic losses through morbidity, mortality and trade restriction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and associated economic impact on Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots

Alemayehu¹,

Zewde²,

Admassu³

2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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The study was conducted in central part of Ethiopia in 2011 with the objectives to determine seroprevalence and associated economic impact on cattle feedlots. From the total of 38,187 bulls examined for foot and mouth disease (FMD) antibody, 5,536 (14.5%) was found positive and subsequently rejected from international market. The seropositivity of FMD varied from site to site and the variations were statistically significant (χ 2 = 3.28, df = 9, p < 0.001). Similarly, there was statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.55, df = 9, p < 0.001) difference between months of the year. The total annual (2011) economic loss due to bulls rejection from international market was estimated to be 3,322,269 USD which is equivalent to 56,345,682.24 ETB (1 USD = 16.96 ETB). This study indicates that FMD resulted in bulls' rejection from international market which affect livelihood of actors in the value chain and have a major threat to national economies as they tend to affect the international trade. Therefore, directing surveillance and controlling activities at pastoral production system where FMD risk arise and appropriate intervention measures along the market chain are critical factors necessary to prevent the introduction and spread into feedlots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and associated economic impact on Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots

Alemayehu¹,

Zewde²,

Admassu³

2014

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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“…The serological match of the field isolates to A ERI 98 could be attributed to the topotype similarities which suggest that there is close relationship between field isolate and the vaccine strain. But the low 'r' value recorded with the vaccine strain of A Iran 2005 and A22 IRQ suggest that the field isolate is so different from the vaccine strain that the vaccine is unlikely to protect (Ayelet et al, 2009).…”

Section: Foot-and-mouth Disease Is An Endemic Disease In Westmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 and each serotype has many subtype variants. This antigenic variation is a cause of major setback in the control of FMD, as infection or vaccination with one serotype of FMDV does not protect against other serotypes and may fail to confer protection against other subtypes within the same serotype (Ayelet et al, 2009). The disease is caused by a small positive sense ssRNA virus (approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mouth, muzzle, feet and udder of lactating cows. FMD incurs huge economic losses to the livestock industry because of high morbidity in adult animals resulting in loss of production, loss of draught power, retarded growth, abortion in pregnant animals and mortality in young calves and lambs (Ayelet et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is caused by a small positive sense ssRNA virus (approx. 8.3 kb), which belongs to the Aphthovirus genus of the family picornaviridae (Ayelet et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates: Candidate strains for trivalent vaccine development in Nigeria

Ibu¹,

Abenga²,

Lazarus³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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A quality foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine is a prerequisite for effective control in addition to other zoosanitary measures and effective biosecurity practices in disease endemic sub-Saharan countries like Nigeria. To ensure an effective control programme by vaccination, countries that practice mass vaccination campaigns need to conduct vaccine matching studies to establish a relationship between prevalent field isolates with available vaccine for effective control. To this effect, a research was conducted in order to select foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) that will give a quality vaccine containing relevant serotypes and matching strains as a pre-requisite for effective vaccine. The study was conducted using two dimensional virus neutralization assays to determine the antigenic relationship 'r' value between the candidate vaccine strains and the field isolates. A total of forty-two specimens (epithelial tissue) were send to the World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) for virus detection and antigen serotyping and some of the field isolates were selected for vaccine matching based on geographic location and topotypes/subtype. The isolates selected were two each of serotype O, A and SAT 2 from bovine species. The selected field isolates revealed high antigenic similarity with the vaccine strains tested showing 'r' value greater than 0.3 which suggests a close relationship between field isolates and vaccine strain tested. A potent vaccine containing the vaccine strain is likely to confer protection in vaccinated candidates. A vaccine match with 'r' value less than 0.3 suggests poor protection against challenge with the isolates. The result of this study has indicated that the selected field isolates could be used as vaccine strains for a candidate trivalent FMD vaccine production in Nigeria.

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Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in Chad

Abdel-Aziz

Romey

Relmy

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses. Nine epithelial tissue samples were also collected from cattle showing clinical signs, for FMDV isolation and characterization. Serological results showed an overall NSP seroprevalence of 40% (375/928) in cattle in our sample (95% CrI [19–63]). However, seroprevalences of 84% (27/32), 78% (35/45) and 84% (21/25) were estimated in cattle over 5 years of age in East Batha, West Batha and Wadi Fira, respectively. In cattle under 1 year of age, 67% (18/27) seroprevalence was estimated in Wadi Fira, 64% (14/22) in East Batha and 59% (13/22) in West Batha. It was found that the high seroprevalences have been obtained in areas where pastures are shared by several different herds but also in farms where two to three species (bovine, caprine and ovine) are raised together. ELISA PrioCHECK®FMDV types O and A and in‐house solid phase competition ELISA serotyping results showed that the four O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have circulated in Chad in 2016. However, the type SAT2 dominated with an overall seroprevalence of 43% (29/67) and was present in the four areas investigated. The phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequence allowed determining the serotype SAT2 topotype VII, close to viral strains found in Cameroon in 2015 with a similarity of 98.60%.

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Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007

Abstract: Virus diversity indicates a virus reservoir in this country.

Cited by 131 publications

References 31 publications

Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and associated economic impact on Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots

Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and associated economic impact on Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots

Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates: Candidate strains for trivalent vaccine development in Nigeria

Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in Chad

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