Food uses of pineapple waste and by‐products: a review

Abstract

Waste from fruits and vegetable processing industry is produced in large quantities worldwide and it contains high levels of lignocellulose, fibre, sugar, bioactive and functional compounds. Their utilisation has become one of the main important and challengeable aspects due to the generation of large quantities of by-products including peels, seeds, leaves and unused flesh in different steps of processing chain. Many researches have validated the waste utilisation as novel, low-cost, economical and natural sources of dietary fibre, antioxidants, pectin, enzymes, organic acids, food additives, essential oils, etc. through different methods of extractions, purifications and fermentations. Though, obtaining these by-products from such a variable substrate requires an understanding of the composition of the polysaccharides and their associations within the overall substrate. Focus on the pineapple fruit, scientific and technological studies have already highlighted and confirmed the potential of better and more profitable markets for pineapple wastes. This review is first of all the collection of previous reports about valorisation of food processing waste, deepening the possibilities of pineapple waste utilisation and to promote the integral exploitation of the by-products rich in bioactive compounds, even as multifunctional food ingredients. More in detail, this review aims at identifying those processes that can be implemented even in disadvantaged areas by means of technologies that allow recovering waste directly on site, thus reducing pollution and providing ingredients/food products with high nutritional values that could be integrated into the diet.

Integral Valorization of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) By-Products through a Green Chemistry Approach towards Added Value Ingredients

“…Very quickly, the optimization design of bromelain isolation was studied by the application of electrolyte precipitation, using a natural polysaccharide in pineapple by-products crude juices. In very specific and studied conditions, the efficient precipitation of bromelain was enabled, obtaining high yields of extraction and high enzyme activity recovery [14]. Through the described methodology, it was possible to separate and concentrate the most important enzyme from pineapple-Stem Bromelain.…”

“…Some authors have described the application of pineapple waste as a substrate not only of bromelain but also for ethanol, sugars, vitamins, and growth factors [13]. Moreover, pineapple by-products have been studied as a low-cost substrate for the production of various organic acids, especially citric, lactic, and ferulic acids, using fermentation technology due to the commercial value of these products in the market since they are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and beverage industries for acidification and enhancement of flavor [13,14].…”

Caracterização física e química de farinha de arroz, farinhas de cascas de abacaxi e banana e farinha de sementes de abóbora

“…Estes subprodutos têm o potencial para serem convertidos em produtos comestíveis e considerados como matériaprima, de baixo custo e acessível. Muitas das vezes, eles são ricos em carboidratos, fibras, minerais e tem alta atividade antioxidante, sendo boa fonte de nutrientes e componentes funcionais (Kowalska et al, 2017;Rico et al, 2020;Roda & Lambri, 2019).…”

Quantification of Nutritional Composition and Some Antinutrient Factors of Banana Peels and Pineapple Skins

“…Research has validated that pineapple waste contain beneficial compound as good as the fruit itself. Roda and Lambri [11] had listed the good nutrients in pineapple waste comprising insoluble fibres, simple sugars, vitamins, good enzymes such as bromelain. This review paper also concluded that pineapple waste has a great potential to be explored as a valuable substrate if appropriate processes and technologies are applied accordingly.…”

“…Studies in waste management and exploring the use of agricultural waste as antinutrient are most needed, as an effort to overcome both environmental pollution and seasonal food farming losses [2,4,11]. The aim of our work was to increase the current understanding on nutritional composition and level of antinutrient factors in high value agricultural waste in Malaysia.…”