Food sources of energy and nutrients in the diets of infants and toddlers in urban areas of China, based on one 24-hour dietary recall

Wang, Huan; Denney, Liya; Zheng, Yan; Vinyes-Parés, Gerard; Reidy, Kathleen; Wang, Peiyu; Zhang, Yumei

doi:10.1186/s40795-015-0014-x

Cited by 24 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is similar to what we observed in studies in the USA [26,29] and in China [30]. However, one difference in this study is that cow’s milk was one of the major sources of energy among infants 6–11.9 months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012

et al. 2017

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Food sources of nutrients in Mexican children are not well known. To fill the knowledge gap, dietary intake was assessed in 2057 children using a 24-h dietary recall. All reported foods and beverages were assigned to one of 76 food groups. Percent contribution of each food group to nutrient intake was estimated for four age groups: 0–5.9, 6–11.9, 12–23.9, and 24–47.9 months. Breast milk, infant formula, and cow’s milk were the top sources of energy and nutrients, especially in younger groups. Among infants aged 6–11.9 months, the top food sources of energy included soups and stews, cookies, fruit, tortillas, eggs and egg dishes, and traditional beverages. The same foods plus sweetened breads, dried beans, and sandwiches and tortas were consumed as the top sources of energy among toddlers and young children. Milk, soups, and stews were the top contributors for all nutrients and tortillas, eggs, and egg dishes were among the top contributors for iron and zinc. This study showed that low nutrient-dense cookies, sweetened breads, and traditional beverages were among the core foods consumed early in life in Mexico. This compromises the intake of more nutritious foods such as vegetables and fortified cereals and increases the risk of obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012

et al. 2017

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“…We reported previously that 59% infants consumed infant formula and 53-75% of young children consumed growing-up milk in the MING study [10]. As a result, infant formula/growing up milk became top food sources of energy and many key nutrients in this population [13]. The high amount of infant formula/growing-up milk consumed found in the current analysis indeed confirmed our previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The introduction of suitable complementary foods at the appropriate time is essential for the optimal growth and development of infants and young children. Complementary foods should be added to the diet when breast milk is no longer The MING study was a cross-sectional study to investigate the dietary and nutritional status of pregnant women, lactating mothers, and infants and young children conducted in 2011 and 2012 [6,13]. Infants and young children aged from birth to 35 months were recruited from maternal and child care centers (MCCC) in eight cities in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Complementary Feeding of 6 to 23 Month Olds in China, US and Mexico

Denney¹

2016

JNHFS

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The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods, referred to as complementary feeding, typically covers the period from 6 to 18-24 months of age [1]. Since children under two years of age have high nutrient needs to support their rapid growth and development but consume relatively small amounts of food at a time, complementary foods need to be far more nutrient-dense than foods consumed by adults [2]. The introduction of complementary food is influenced by cultural and traditional beliefs [3-5]. Food culture and habits in a country influence the ability to meet nutritional needs of infants and young children during the feeding transition. We have previously reported risk of inadequate intakes of fat, vitamin B6 and folate and high sodium intake in China [6] and low fiber and high saturated fat intakes that exceeded recommendations in the US [7]. In addition, we have reported high proportions of infants and young children consume sugar sweetened beverages and sweets in the US and Mexico [8, 9] and high proportions of infants and young children in China consume refined rice while low proportions consume vegetables [10]. Up to now, quantities of complementary foods have not been reported and few studies have compared differences in complementary foods consumed and how consumption of major food groups shifts with age across different parts of the world. This type of information can be useful for health professionals as it provides context to understand culture-specific complementary feeding practices. Hence, the aim of this study is to describe and compare complementary foods consumed in China, US and Mexico using data from the dietary surveys conducted in the three countries.

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“…Only a limited number of studies attempted to describe the overall nutritional intake. [9][10][11] In US infants, between 6 and 12 months of age, dairy has been observed to be the main source of protein, followed by starchy and baby food dinners, meat and egg products, and last by fruits and vegetables. 9,10 In the second year of life, there is generally a stark decrease in protein intake from dairy with a shift to other sources, mainly meat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein intakes and their nutritional sources during the first 2 years of life: secondary data evaluation from the European Childhood Obesity Project

Damianidi¹,

Gruszfeld

Verduci

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Nutr

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During weaning, over-limited substitution of dairy products with other sources (especially meat) resulted in relatively high protein intakes in formula-fed infants. Differences in preferences of specific protein sources from complementary foods existed among European countries. Great opportunities in improving early nutrition were revealed, although cultural and geographical differences should always be considered.

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Food sources of energy and nutrients in the diets of infants and toddlers in urban areas of China, based on one 24-hour dietary recall

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012

Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012

Differences in Complementary Feeding of 6 to 23 Month Olds in China, US and Mexico

Protein intakes and their nutritional sources during the first 2 years of life: secondary data evaluation from the European Childhood Obesity Project

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