Fog-Enabled Vehicle as a Service for Computing Geographical Migration in Smart Cities

Liao, Siyi; Li, Jianhua; Wu, Jun; Yang, Wu; Guan, Zhitao

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2890298

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…To put it simply, smart energy should meet sustainable power source needs to meet the energy requirements of keeping up the manageability of the non-sustainable power source while limiting negative natural effects, for example, decreasing carbon dioxide outflows. As referenced above, a sustainable power source is truly appropriate for the world's energy requests since it is a sustainable power source [141]. With the expanding interest in energy, the prominence of sustainable power sources has developed in late many years.…”

Section: Smart Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade Review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2022

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Smart City has been an emerging research domain for Government, Businesses, and researchers in the last few years. The Indian government is also interested and investing lots of funds to develop smart cities. These cities are technology-based and require interdisciplinary research and development for successful implementation. Over the last few decades, various technological interventions have created a tendency to provide smart everyday objects to make human life more comfortable. The emergence of the smart city paradigm is a response to creating a future city that guarantees the well-being and rights of its citizens from the perspective of industrial development: industry, urban planning, environment, and sustainable development. There are several subdomains in the smart city for the research. To work with the different subdomains in a smart city, proper guidance about the background of the smart city is required. This research paper is a guide for the same. This research paper represents a systematic literature review of the smart city domain. This paper carries out a systematic review of research papers published in various well-reputed journals like IEEE, Springer, Elsevier, etc., between 2011 and. This paper will help the government, businesses, and researchers aiming to enhance the smart city concept. Initially, this paper discusses the origin and emergence of this concept, followed by a few definitions and characteristics with the real roadmap and primary supporting pillars of the smart city. This paper discusses a typical architecture having different layers like Sensing, Transportation, Data Management, and Application Layers. There are various supporting technologies and platforms for the smart city; hence implementations are impossible without these technologies and media. This research paper discusses different components of the smart city. A broad literature survey is being done to observe various challenges, opportunities, and future trends in the smart city. This research paper can guide the researchers and provide the research direction in the smart city domain.

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Section: Smart Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade Review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2022

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“…Geographical migration of processing using fog-enabled vehicles is proposed in [34] for smart cities. The architecture takes advantage of internet of vehicles to migrate the task from servers to fog nodes.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust, Resilient and Reliable Architecture for V2X Communications

Khan

Ghosh

Busari

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure robustness, resilience and reliability of the network, which is challenging to realize. In this work, we propose to drive these further these features by proposing a novel robust, resilient and reliable architecture for V2X communication based on harnessing MEC and blockchain technology. A three stage computing service is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchcial computing architecture is deployed spanning over the vehicular network that constitutes cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), fog computing (FC) nodes. The resources and data bases can migrate from the high capacity cloud services (furthest away from the individual node of the network) to the edge (medium) and low level fog node, according to computing service requirements. Secondly, the resource allocation filters the data according to its significance, and rank the nodes according to their usability, and selects the network technology according to their physical channel characteristics. Thirdly, we propose a blockchain-based transaction service that ensures reliability. We discussed two use cases for experimental analysis, plugin electric vehicles in smart grid scenarios, and massive IoT data services for autonomous cars. The results show that car connectivity prediction is accurate 98% of the times, where 92% more data blocks are added using micro-blockchain solution compared to the public blockchain, where it is able to reduce the time to sign and compute the proof-of-work (PoW), and deliver a low-overhead Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This approach can be considered a strong candidate architecture for future V2X, and with more general application for everythingto-everything (X2X) communications.

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“…They can also be vehicles stuck in traffic congestion that form a cluster or computing devices combined with V2X Road Side Units (RSUs). The mobility of vehicles can be leveraged as an effective way of organizing computing resource migration [12]. Other research focuses on task assignment and resource allocation, which are essential concerns in shared resource environments.…”

Section: Intelligent Vehicles and Network Give Risementioning

confidence: 99%

oneVFC—A Vehicular Fog Computation Platform for Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Vehicles

et al. 2021

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We are witnessing the evolution from Internet of Things (IoT) to Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Internet connected vehicles can sense, communicate, analyze and make decisions. Rich vehicle-related data collection allows to apply artificial intelligence (AI) such as machine learning and deep learning (DL) to develop advanced services in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, AI/DL-based ITS applications require intensive computation, both for model training and deployment. The exploitation of the huge computational power obtained through aggregation of resources present in individual vehicles and ITS infrastructure brings an efficient solution. In this work, oneVFC, a tangible vehicular fog computing (VFC) platform based on oneM2M is proposed. It benefits from the oneM2M standard to facilitate interoperability as well as hierarchical resource organization. oneVFC manages the distributed resources, orchestrates information flows and computing tasks on vehicle fog nodes and feeds back results to the application users. On a lab scale model consisting of Raspberry Pi modules and laptops, we demonstrate how oneVFC manages the AI-driven applications running on various machines and how it succeeds in significantly reducing application processing time, especially in cases with high workload or with requests arriving at high pace. We also show how oneVFC facilitates the deployment of AI model training in Federated Learning (FL), an advanced privacy preserving and communication saving training approach. Our experiments deployed in an outdoor environment with mobile fog nodes participating in the computation jobs confirm the feasibility of oneVFC for IoV environments whenever the communication links among fog nodes are guaranteed by V2X technology.

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Fog-Enabled Vehicle as a Service for Computing Geographical Migration in Smart Cities

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

A Decade Review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, Challenges and Opportunities

A Decade Review on Smart Cities: Paradigms, Challenges and Opportunities

Robust, Resilient and Reliable Architecture for V2X Communications

oneVFC—A Vehicular Fog Computation Platform for Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Vehicles

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