The routing protocols play a vital role in saving energy, especially by minimizing the time a packet takes to travel from source to destination. The aim of energy-aware routing protocols is to select a route that engages routers in such a way that the overall energy consumption is minimized. In this paper a relationship between resource utilization and energy consumption is stated, further, a resource-aware dynamic routing algorithm for SDN is proposed. The contribution of this paper is a queuing theory-based approach that measures the average waiting time of nodes and links based on their utilization and finds a path that costs the least time. The paper also proposes a framework for implementing routing algorithm over an SDN. Performance of the algorithm is verified using a GNS3 based implementation with an Opendaylight controller.
Multi-Access Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is proclaimed as a key technology for reducing service processing delays in 5G networks. Caching on MEC will decrease service latency and improve data access by allowing direct content delivery through the edge without fetching content from the remote server. Caching on MEC is also deemed as an effective approach guarantying more reachability due to proximity to end-users. This paper proposes a novel hybrid content caching replacement algorithm in MEC to increase its caching efficiency where future request references are predicted using a polynomial fit algorithm along with Lagrange interpolation. Additionally, a distributed cooperative caching algorithm to improve data access within MECs. Experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme obtains more cache hits and lesser average CPU utilization due to its selective caching approach when compared with existing traditional cache replacement algorithms. Keywords-Multi-access Mobile Edge Computing, selective caching, OPR algorithm, cooperative caching. I. Few researchers have proposed edge caching strategies for 5G that combines both computation caching and data caching. Markakis et al [8] proposed a proactive edge caching strategy that predicts and prefetch popular contents based on big data analysis. Sungwook K. [9] leveraged a
The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure robustness, resilience and reliability of the network, which is challenging to realize. In this work, we propose to drive these further these features by proposing a novel robust, resilient and reliable architecture for V2X communication based on harnessing MEC and blockchain technology. A three stage computing service is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchcial computing architecture is deployed spanning over the vehicular network that constitutes cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), fog computing (FC) nodes. The resources and data bases can migrate from the high capacity cloud services (furthest away from the individual node of the network) to the edge (medium) and low level fog node, according to computing service requirements. Secondly, the resource allocation filters the data according to its significance, and rank the nodes according to their usability, and selects the network technology according to their physical channel characteristics. Thirdly, we propose a blockchain-based transaction service that ensures reliability. We discussed two use cases for experimental analysis, plugin electric vehicles in smart grid scenarios, and massive IoT data services for autonomous cars. The results show that car connectivity prediction is accurate 98% of the times, where 92% more data blocks are added using micro-blockchain solution compared to the public blockchain, where it is able to reduce the time to sign and compute the proof-of-work (PoW), and deliver a low-overhead Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This approach can be considered a strong candidate architecture for future V2X, and with more general application for everythingto-everything (X2X) communications.
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