Fog Computing for the Internet of Things

Abstract

Research in the Internet of Things (IoT) conceives a world where everyday objects are connected to the Internet and exchange, store, process, and collect data from the surrounding environment. IoT devices are becoming essential for supporting the delivery of data to enable electronic services, but they are not sufficient in most cases to host application services directly due to their intrinsic resource constraints. Fog Computing (FC) can be a suitable paradigm to overcome these limitations, as it can coexist and cooperate with centralized Cloud systems and extends the latter toward the network edge. In this way, it is possible to distribute resources and services of computing, storage, and networking along the Cloud-to-Things continuum. As such, FC brings all the benefits of Cloud Computing (CC) closer to end (user) devices. This article presents a survey on the employment of FC to support IoT devices and services. The principles and literature characterizing FC are described, highlighting six IoT application domains that may benefit from the use of this paradigm. The extension of Cloud systems towards the network edge also creates new challenges and can have an impact on existing approaches employed in Cloud-based deployments. Research directions being adopted by the community are highlighted, with an indication of which of these are likely to have the greatest impact. An overview of existing FC software and hardware platforms for the IoT is also provided, along with the standardisation efforts in this area initiated by the OpenFog Consortium (OFC).

A Survey of Multi-Access Edge Computing in 5G and Beyond: Fundamentals, Technology Integration, and State-of-the-Art

“…These demands open many potential research directions to effectively governance MEC in IoT systems. The future works considering technical aspects of IoT and MEC, i.e., scalability, communication, computation offloading and resource allocation, mobility management, security, privacy, and trust management, have been well indicated and manifested in some recent MEC-IoT surveys, such as, [198], [199] to which the interested readers are recommended to refer. In the following, we discuss key open problems in MEC IoT systems which are different to the mentioned challenging technical aspects.…”

Multi-Objective Optimization of Task-to-Node Assignment in Opportunistic Fog RAN

“…If the RRH is busy, it sends a notification (2) to a seed node located near the client to serve on its behalf, which is also received by the client. The client then sends its tasks to the seed node (3). Based on the received tasks and task requirements, the seed node decides if it can serve the client on its own or should enlist the resources of its neighboring user devices by recruiting them as service nodes to collectively serve in a v-FAP.…”

“…With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), where a large number of smart devices will need to communicate with each other, next-generation cellular networks will play a pivotal role in providing fast and reliable communication services, not only to humans but also the IoT devices [1]. The notion of a cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) was developed to support these goals by enabling flexible splitting of RAN functionalities between radio access points (RAPs) and the cloud, based on the availability of cloud resources [2,3]. However, the Cloud-RAN may suffer from a heavy workload in its centralized baseband unit (BBU) pool, coerced backhaul capacity and difficulty in meeting the low latency requirements of delay-sensitive applications [4,5].…”

State-of-the-Art Javascript Language for Internet of Things

“…In the past few years, the Internet of Things has become common in many knowledge areas towards innovation, moving several kinds of research projects around the world. The IoT capability of collecting, recording and correlating data, enables the inference of knowledge, generating business, and learning [10].…”