Abstract. One of the major issues that affect the performance of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) is routing. Recently, position-based routing for MANET is found to be a very promising routing strategy for inter-vehicular communication systems (IVCS). However, position-based routing for IVCS in a built-up city environment faces greater challenges because of potentially more uneven distribution of vehicular nodes, constrained mobility, and difficult signal reception due to radio obstacles such as high-rise buildings. This paper proposes a new position-based routing scheme called Anchor-based Street and Traffic A ware Routing (A-STAR), designed specifically for IVCS in a city environment. Unique to A-ST AR istheusage of information on city bus routes to identify an anchor path with high connectivity for packet delivery. Along with a new recovery strategy for packets routed to a local maximum, the proposed protocol shows significant performance improvement in a comparative simulation study with other similar routing approaches.
Building information modelling (BIM) provides architectural 3D visualization and a standardized way to share and exchange building information. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using BIM, not only for design and construction, but also the post-construction management of the built facility. With the emergence of smart built environment (SBE) technology, which embeds most spaces with smart objects to enhance the building's efficiency, security and comfort of its occupants, there is a need to understand and address the challenges BIM faces in the design, construction and management of future smart buildings. In this paper, we investigate how BIM can contribute to the development of SBE. Since BIM is designed to host information of the building throughout its life cycle, our investigation has covered phases from architecture design to facility management. Firstly, we extend BIM for the design phase to provide material/device profiling and the information exchange interface for various smart objects. Next, we propose a three-layer verification framework to assist BIM users in identifying possible defects in their SBE design. For the post-construction phase, we have designed a facility management tool to provide advanced energy management of smart grid-connected SBEs, where smart objects, as well as distributed energy resources (DERs) are deployed.
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