1931
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(31)91140-9
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Focal infection

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Cited by 24 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…It is reasonable to suggest that infection of the gingiva and periodontium by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria provide a reservoir for microbial products (e.g., LPS) and sufficiently challenge the host to produce responses which may be deleterious to both the pregnant mother and the fetus. 212 In addition, a non-causal correlation between periodontal disease and PTB has been hypothesized where hyper-inflammatory response to bacterial challenge is genetically determined. 213 As demonstrated in these studies, the association between bacterial colonization and maternal host responses remain speculative.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is reasonable to suggest that infection of the gingiva and periodontium by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria provide a reservoir for microbial products (e.g., LPS) and sufficiently challenge the host to produce responses which may be deleterious to both the pregnant mother and the fetus. 212 In addition, a non-causal correlation between periodontal disease and PTB has been hypothesized where hyper-inflammatory response to bacterial challenge is genetically determined. 213 As demonstrated in these studies, the association between bacterial colonization and maternal host responses remain speculative.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Galloway 5 reported in 1931 that focal infection in teeth and tonsils affected the fetus. His was probably the first interventional study.…”
Section: What the Research Showsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given the considerable effect of pregnancy on oral health it is interesting that the impact of periodontal disease on pregnancy outcome is now under scrutiny. The idea that it may contribute to pregnancy outcome was presented in 1931 when Galloway 18 stated that periodontal disease may provide ‘sufficient infectious microbial challenge’ to have ‘potentially harmful effects on the pregnant mother and developing fetus’. Infection, especially symptomatic infection of the genitourinary tract, is considered an important risk factor for preterm birth and/or low birthweight.…”
Section: The Impact Of Periodontal Health On Pregnancymentioning
confidence: 99%