Oral colonization of Gram-negative anaerobes as a risk factor for preterm delivery

Africa, Charlene Wilma Joyce

doi:10.4161/viru.2.6.17719

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…Our results indicated that the early stage of pregnancy is a critical period in which to intervene to improve oral health. Since smoking and late childbearing that are generally regarded as risk factors for pregnancy did not affect the oral microbiota during pregnancy, physiological changes of pregnancy might be responsible for quantitative microbiological increase in early pregnancy. American guidelines on oral health during pregnancy and early childhood states that preventive services should be provided as early in pregnancy as possible, and that primary prevention including measures to avoid infection and colonization of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and sobrinus is an important strategy as preventive care during pregnancy .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women

Fujiwara

Tsuruda

Iwamoto

et al. 2015

J of Invest & Clin Dent

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women

Fujiwara

Tsuruda

Iwamoto

et al. 2015

J of Invest & Clin Dent

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“…As it will be described later on, local host cells may interact with these byproducts and produce inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6) and mediators (PGE2). Since during pregnancy, the innate pro-inflammatory immune response is strictly regulated within the uterus to prevent immunological rejection of the foetal allograph, the local increase in pro-inflammatory mediators may disrupt this delicate balance and elicit an inflammatory burden that may contribute to preterm rupture of the membranes and uterine contraction that may, in turn, lead to miscarriage or PB (Africa 2011).…”

Section: Hypothetical Mechanistic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms

Madianos

Bobetsis

Offenbacher

2013

Journal of Periodontology

161

121

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Aim: To evaluate the evidence on potential biological pathways underlying the possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Material & Methods: Human, experimental and in vitro studies were evaluated. Results: Periodontal pathogens/byproducts may reach the placenta and spread to the foetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Their presence in the foeto‐placental compartment can stimulate a foetal immune/inflammatory response characterized by the production of IgM antibodies against the pathogens and the secretion of elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, which in turn may cause miscarriage or premature birth. Moreover, infection/inflammation may cause placental structural changes leading to pre‐eclampsia and impaired nutrient transport causing low birthweight. Foetal exposure may also result in tissue damage, increasing the risk for perinatal mortality/morbidity. Finally, the elicited systemic inflammatory response may exacerbate local inflammatory responses at the foeto‐placental unit and further increase the risk for APOs. Conclusions: Further investigation is still necessary to fully translate the findings of basic research into clinical studies and practice. Understanding the systemic virulence potential of the individual's oral microbiome and immune response may be a distinctly different issue from categorizing the nature of the challenge using clinical signs of PD. Therefore, a more personalized targeted therapy could be a more predictive answer to the current “one‐size‐fits‐all” interventions.

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“…The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes) [4]. Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium) [5]. Antibiotics such as ampicillin, chlorhexidine, erythromycin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin have been very effective in preventing dental caries [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI)/The fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCI) 4. American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 5. Korean collection for type cultures (KCTC).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect between cryptotanshinone and antibiotics in oral pathogenic bacteria

Cha¹,

Jeong²,

Choi³

et al. 2013

ABB

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Cryptotanshinone (CT), a major tanshinone of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, demonstrated effective in vitro antibacterial activity against all oral bacteria tested in this experiment. The antibacterial activities of CT against oral bacteria were assessed using the checkerboard and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of treatment with ampicillin or gentamicin. The CT was determined against oral pathogenic bacteria with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5 to 16 and 1 to 64 μg/mL; for am- picillin from 0.0313 to 16 and 0.125 to 32 μg/mL; for gentamicin from 2 to 256 and 4 to 512 μg/mL respectively. The range of MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀were 0.0625 - 8 μg/mL and 1 - 64 μg/mL, respectively. The combination effects of CT with antibiotics were synergistic (FIC index < 0.5) against tested oral bacteria except additive, Streptococcus sobrinus, S. criceti, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (FIC index < 0.75 - 1.0). The MBCs were shown reducing ≥4 - 8-fold, indicating a synergistic effect as defined by a FBCI of ≤0.5. Furthermore, a time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was completely attenuated after 3 - 6 h of treatment with the 1/2 MIC of CT, regardless of whether it was administered alone or with ampicillin or gentamicin. The results suggest that CT could be employed as a natural antibacterial agent against cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bac- teria.

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Oral colonization of Gram-negative anaerobes as a risk factor for preterm delivery

Cited by 17 publications

References 172 publications

Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women

Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms

Synergistic effect between cryptotanshinone and antibiotics in oral pathogenic bacteria

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