Fluoropolymer-Containing Opals and Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization

Kredel, Julia; Dietz, Christian; Gallei, Markus

doi:10.3390/molecules24020333

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…[ 80 ] Ongoing work in this area is focused on expanding the range of materials used in the core and shell for greater refractive index contrast or novel responsivities, such as inorganic cores, e.g., silica, [ 201 ] or fluorinated shells. [ 202 ] For example, silica cores can be removed from the direct opal by treatment with hydrofluoric acid to produce inverse opals, with a much greater refractive index contrast.…”

Section: Bottom‐up Approaches: Creating Structural Coloration Throughmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials

Clough

Weder

Schrettl

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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of color in these materials has fascinated scientists for centuries, with early breakthroughs in understanding these phenomena made by Hooke, Newton [6] and Lord Rayleigh. [7] Another type of structural color arises from surface plasmon resonance, i.e., the resonant coupling between light and metallic nanostructures, which craftspeople have used since the Bronze age to impart color to ceramics and glass. [8,9] Over the past 30 years, fabricating structurally colored materials has been greatly facilitated by the rapid development of lithography-based technologies and directed self-assembly methodologies, which permit precise control of structural ordering at the nano-and microscale. Photonic and plasmonic materials can now be used to control and manipulate the flow of light in a plethora of colorful applications in the modern world, ranging from microoptical components [10] and lasing materials [11,12] to household products, such as nontoxic and photostable pigments for paints and cosmetics. [13-15] Artificial, structurally colored materials have been made predominantly from hard, rigid components. Their colors are stable as long as the nanostructure remains intact, but the application of excessive forces to these relatively brittle structures typically leads to an irreversible structural change and thus a change or loss of color. By contrast, many natural photonic coloration strategies are dynamic and responsive, such as in chameleons, [16] cephalopods, [17-20] tetra fish, [21] and the tortoise beetle. [22] For example, chameleon skin contains photonic arrays of high-refractive-index guanine nanocrystals that are embedded in a softer, low-refractive-index cytoplasmic matrix. [16] The reversible deformation of such composite structures enables the animal to reflect wavelengths of light in a spatially and spectrally selective manner for dazzling camouflage displays. Recent progress in synthetic approaches toward precisely ordered soft nanostructures has opened up a new class of structurally colored materials that also respond dynamically and reversibly to stimuli, such as pH, heat, light, and deformation. The design of responsive photonic structures has often been informed and inspired by natural coloration strategies. [3,23-25] To mimic natural materials and access responsive structural color, polymers are frequently employed as a component on account of their mechanical (low moduli and optionally elastic behavior) and optical (high transparency, low refractive Mechanochromic effects in structurally colored materials are the result of deformation-induced changes to their ordered nanostructures. Polymeric materials which respond in this way to deformation offer an attractive combination of characteristics, including continuous strain sensing, high strain resolution, and a wide strain-sensing range. Such materials are potentially useful for a wide range of applications, which extend from pressure-sensing bandages to anti-counterfeiting devices. Focusing on the materials design aspects, recent developments in this fi...

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Section: Bottom‐up Approaches: Creating Structural Coloration Throughmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials

Clough

Weder

Schrettl

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…In general, fluorine-containing polymers were designed for use in space missions precisely as a result of their exceptional properties, but they were able to revolutionize the market for functional textiles at an early stage. Due to their extremely low surface energies, fluoropolymers are suitable both for water repellency and oil repellency [ 31 , 32 ]. Thus, surface energies as low as 6 mN/m and a very high contact angle can be generated on surfaces with the tightest packing of CF 3 end-groups [ 27 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Linking Strategies for Fluorine-Containing Polymer Coatings for Durable Resistant Water- and Oil-Repellency

et al. 2021

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Functional coatings for application on surfaces are of growing interest. Especially in the textile industry, durable water and oil repellent finishes are of special demand for implementation in the outdoor sector, but also as safety-protection clothes against oil or chemicals. Such oil and chemical repellent textiles can be achieved by coating surfaces with fluoropolymers. As many concerns exist regarding (per)fluorinated polymers due to their high persistence and accumulation capacity in the environment, a durable and resistant coating is essential also during the washing processes of textiles. Within the present study, different strategies are examined for a durable resistant cross-linking of a novel fluoropolymer on the surface of fibers. The monomer 2-((1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(perfluoropropoxy)ethyl)thio)ethyl acrylate, whose fluorinated side-chain is degradable by treatment with ozone, was used for this purpose. The polymers were synthesized via free radical polymerization in emulsion, and different amounts of cross-linking reagents were copolymerized. The final polymer dispersions were applied to cellulose fibers and the cross-linking was induced thermally or by irradiation with UV-light. In order to investigate the cross-linking efficiency, tensile elongation studies were carried out. In addition, multiple washing processes of the fibers was performed and the polymer loss during washing, as well as the effects on oil and water repellency were investigated. The cross-linking strategy paves the way to a durable fluoropolymer-based functional coating and the polymers are expected to provide a promising and sustainable alternative to functional coatings.

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“…Through interference with light, photonic crystals show their angle-dependent and vivid structural colors [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Since their discovery in the 1980s, many approaches for the fabrication of photonic crystals have been developed, and most of them are based on monodisperse nanoparticles [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. As such, clusters of monodisperse silica particles can be found in natural opal gemstones, and photonic materials based on particles are called opal films [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding Photoacids into Polymer Opal Structures: Synergistic Effects on Optical and Stimuli-Responsive Features

et al. 2021

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Opal films with their vivid structural colors represent a field of tremendous interest and obtained materials offer the possibility for many applications, such as optical sensors or anti-counterfeiting materials. A convenient method for the generation of opal structures relies on the tailored design of core-interlayer-shell (CIS) particles. Within the present study, elastomeric opal films were combined with stimuli-responsive photoacids to further influence the optical properties of structurally colored materials. Starting from cross-linked polystyrene (PS) core particles featuring a hydroxy-rich and polar soft shell, opal films were prepared by application of the melt-shear organization technique. The photoacid tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (TFEHTS) could be conveniently incorporated during freeze-drying the particle dispersion and prior to the melt-shear organization. Furthermore, the polar opal matrix featuring hydroxylic moieties enabled excited-state proton transfer (ESPT), which is proved by spectroscopic evaluation. Finally, the influence of the photoacid on the optical properties of the 3-dimensional colloidal crystals were investigated within different experimental conditions. The angle dependence of the emission spectra unambiguously shows the selective suppression of the photoacid’s fluorescence in its deprotonated state.

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Fluoropolymer-Containing Opals and Inverse Opals by Melt-Shear Organization

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials

Mechanochromism in Structurally Colored Polymeric Materials

Cross-Linking Strategies for Fluorine-Containing Polymer Coatings for Durable Resistant Water- and Oil-Repellency

Embedding Photoacids into Polymer Opal Structures: Synergistic Effects on Optical and Stimuli-Responsive Features

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