Fluorination Enhances the Osteogenic Capacity of Porcine Hydroxyapatite

Abstract

In a previous study, we successfully prepared fluorinated porcine hydroxyapatite (FPHA) by immersing porcine hydroxyapatite (PHA) in an aqueous solution of 0.25 M sodium fluoride (NaF) under thermal treatment, and the resulting FPHA showed better physicochemical and biological properties than PHA. The purpose of this study was to further investigate how fluorine incorporation influenced the biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity of PHA. The concentrations of Ca, P, F, and Mg ions in PHA and FPHA extracts were detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) were treated with PHA and FPHA extracts, and the effects of these extracts on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation were evaluated via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase assay, and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For the in vivo assessment, PHA and FPHA were implanted into subcutaneous pockets (n = 6) and rat calvarial defects (diameter = 5 mm, n = 14) for 12 weeks to determine their biocompatibility and osteogenic capacity by using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. FPHA extracts, which release higher concentrations of F and Mg ions, better promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of rBMSCs in vitro. The result of biocompatibility evaluation confirmed that the host response and chronic inflammation cells infiltration degree around PHA and FPHA granules were similar. Micro-CT and histological analysis showed newer mineralized bone formation in rats with FPHA-treated defects than in rats with PHA-treated defects. The results of in vitro and in vivo tests consistently indicate that fluorine incorporation effectively enhanced the osteogenic capacity of PHA.

Bioinorganic supplementation of calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes to improvein vivoperformance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

“…One paper was not analyzed in the further steps of the review because it was in Japanese and there were no resources that allowed proper translation, 122 one paper was retracted 123 and three papers were excluded because they used non-synthetic CaPs. [124][125][126] In the meta-analysis, 45 papers with 133 quantitative bone formation comparisons and 20 studies with 57 quantitative remaining material comparisons could be included.…”

Sodium Fluoride under Dose Range of 2.4–24 μM, a Promising Osteoimmunomodulatory Agent for Vascularized Bone Formation

“…Therefore, incorporation of fluoride has become a useful strategy to improve the osteogenic capacity of bone substitute materials. A number of fluoride-doped biomaterials have been developed with superior osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, including fluoride-modified titanium surface, fluoride-coated alloy, , fluoride-substituted synthetic apatite, and fluorinated biologic porcine-origin hydroxyapatite (FPHA). , …”

Blood Prefabrication Subcutaneous Small Animal Model for the Evaluation of Bone Substitute Materials

“…The preparation method of porcine hydroxyapatite (PHA) was performed according to our previous studies. − Briefly, cancellous bone harvested from the porcine femoral epiphysis was boiled in an autoclave at 121 °C for 30 min to remove macroscopic impurities. Subsequently, the bone sample was dissected into regular blocks and calcinated at 800 °C for 2 h in air (heating rate: 10 °C/min) in a muffle furnace (SGM6812BK, Sigma Furnace Industry, China).…”