Fluoride Intake and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis: Trends in Fluoride Intake with Special Attention to Infants: REVIEW &amp; COMMENTARY

Fomon, Samuel J.; Ekstrand, Jan; Ziegler, Ekhard E.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03318.x

Cited by 113 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We cannot rule out the possibility that the high fluorine concentrations found in these products may make them considerable contributors to the total daily fluorine intake. When 215 g of M&M's or 3 units of Danyt's, which contain approximately 0.210 mg of F, are consumed just once a day, they may provide up to 40% of the upper limit of the ranges believed to be associated with increased risk of enamel fluorosis (0.07 mg F/kg body weight/day) for a 2 year-old child, weighing around 12 kg 2,11 . Another possibility that must be considered is the concomitant ingestion of these foodstuffs with other fluorine-rich products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered that the optimal range of fluorine intake is 0.05 -0.07 mg F/kg body weight/day 2,11 . Most of the foodstuffs analyzed revealed no concentrations in excess of 0.40 mg F/g so that these sources of fluorine appear to be acceptable, at least at present (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fluoridated areas in many countries, as well as in Brazil 5,11,18,23 . This has been attributed to an increase in the fluoride level of foods and beverages through processing with fluoridated water, to the inadvertent ingestion of fluoride toothpaste, and to the inappropriate use of dietary supplements 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil

Buzalaf

Granjeiro

Cardoso

et al. 2003

Pesqui. Odontol. Bras.

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Chocolate bars and chocolate cookies are foodstuffs highly appreciated by children. The possibility of having fluorine (F) among their components, associated with an excessive consumption, may make them decisive contributors to the total daily F intake. Thus, they could participate in the establishment of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the fluorine concentration [F] of the chocolates bars (CB) Baton, Confeti, Garoto Ball, Kinder Ovo, M&M's, Milkybar, Nescau, Nescau Ball, Surpresa, Surpresa Bichos, Tortuguita; and of the chocolate cookies (CC) Danyt's, Hipopó, Nescau, Passatempo, Pokémon, Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo and Trakinas. Samples were purchased in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Three grams of each product were previously ashed at 525°C (CB and cookies fillings) and at 550°C (cookies dough), during 4 hours. Fluorine was separated from the ash by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)-facilitated diffusion. Fluorine analysis was carried out with the specific electrode. Mean [F]s ± SD and amplitude (unit mg/g) were: CB = 0.30 ± 0.45 (0.07 -1.60, n = 12) and CC = 1.08 ± 2.64 (0.04 -7.10, n = 7). It was concluded that some of the analyzed foods may be important contributors to the total daily F intake. As for the product that had the highest [F] (Danyt's), when only 3 units are consumed just once a day, they may supply up to 40% of the maximum recommended daily F intake (0.07 mg/kg body weight) for a 2-year-old child (12 kg). The [F] in these products should be informed on their labels. DESCRIPTORS: Chocolate; Fluorine; Fluorosis, dental; Child. RESUMO:Chocolates em barra e bolachas de chocolate são guloseimas altamente apreciadas pelas crianças. A possibilidade de conter flúor (F) em seus componentes, associada a seu excessivo consumo podem torná-los contribuintes decisivos para a ingestão diária total de F. Assim, eles poderiam participar no estabelecimento da fluorose dental. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a concentração de flúor [F] dos chocolates em barra (CB) Baton, Confeti, Garoto Ball, Kinder Ovo, M&M's, Milkybar, Nescau, Nescau Ball, Surpresa, Surpresa Bichos, Tortuguita; e das bolachas de chocolate (CC) Danyt's, Hipopó, Nescau, Passatempo, Pokémon, Sítio do Pica-Pau Amarelo e Trakinas. Os produtos foram adquiridos em Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil. Três gramas de cada produto foram previamente calcinadas a uma temperatura de 525°C (CB e recheio das bolachas), e de 550°C (massas das bolachas), durante 4 horas. O F foi separado das cinzas por difusão facilitada por hexametildisiloxano (HMDS). As análises de F foram feitas com o eletrodo específico. As [F]s médias ± DP e amplitude (mg/g) foram: CB = 0,30 ± 0,45 (0,07 -1,60, n = 12) e CC = 1,08 ± 2,64 (0,04 -7,10, n = 7). Concluiu-se que alguns dos alimentos analisados podem ser importantes contribuintes para a ingestão diária total de F. No caso do produto que apresentou a maior [F] (Danyt's), quando apenas 3 unidades são consumidas uma única vez ao dia, elas podem fornecer mais de 40% da ingestão diária máxima de F recomendada (0,07 m...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil

Buzalaf

Granjeiro

Cardoso

et al. 2003

Pesqui. Odontol. Bras.

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“…An increase in fluorosis risk was found with greater intakes of reconstituted infant formula (with fluoridated water) between the ages of 3 and 9 months. [131] A review of changing trends in fluoride intake and fluorosis in infants [132] concurred that the higher risk of fluorosis in formula-fed infants related mainly to the reconstitution of powdered formula with fluoridated water (and not the formula itself), and suggested that, when feasible, low-fluoride water should be used. Erdal and Buchanan [133] used a health risk assessment approach to quantify fluoride intakes from infant formula and other sources associated with fluorosis in children.…”

Section: Infant Formula and Fluorosis Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fluoridation: It really is this simple

2017

Br Dent J

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(RSNZ), and the Ministry of Health, to review the scientific evidence for and against the efficacy and safety of fluoridation of public water supplies. After discussion between the parties, it was agreed that the Office of the PMCSA and the RSNZ would establish a panel to undertake a review. This review would adhere strictly to the scientific issues of safety and efficacy (or otherwise), but take into account the various concerns that have been raised in the public domain about the science and safety of fluoride. It would not consider the ethical and philosophical issues that have surrounded fluoridation and influenced legal proceedings lately. The Prime Minister gave his consent for the Office of the PMCSA to be involved and funding was provided by Councils through your office and by the Ministry of Health.We are pleased to advise the report is being delivered on the timetable agreed. ProcessGiven this is inevitably an issue that arouses passions and argument, we summarise in some detail the process used.As this was the first formal scientific review conducted jointly between the Office of PMCSA and the Royal Society a memorandum of understanding for the process was developed and has been followed.The essence of the process was that the PMCSA appointed an experienced literature researcher to undertake the primary research and literature reviews. Following an initial scoping that included an extensive reading of the literature (informal, grey and peer reviewed) on the subject, a draft table of contents was agreed between the PMCSA and the President of the RSNZ. The RSNZ then appointed a panel of appropriate experts across the relevant disciplines that was approved by the PMCSA.A member of civil society with expertise in local body issues, Ms Kerry Prendergast, was invited to be an observer to the panel and to be included in the discussions and drafting to be sure that it met local body needs. The scientific writer then produced an early partial draft of the report that was presented to a meeting of the expert panel, and their input was sought both as to framing and interpretation of the literature. The panel paid particular attention to the claims that fluoride had adverse effects on brain development, on the risks of cancer, musculoskeletal and hormonal disorders -being the major areas where claims about potential harms have been made. Over the following weeks, the panel members joined in an iterative process with the scientific writer to develop the report. In its advanced form all the members of the panel, together with the PMCSA and the President of the RSNZ, agreed via email exchange on the final wording of the report and its executive summary. In this form it was sent out for international peer review by appropriate scientific experts in Australia, UK and Ireland. Following their suggestions (which were minor and did not affect the panel's conclusions), the report and executive summary were returned to the panel for comment. Findings and recommendationsThe report and its executive summary are very clear i...

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“…It has been demonstrated that the incidence and, to a lesser extent, severity of dental fluorosis has increased in the last decade in both optimally fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas in many countries, as well as in Brazil 7,12,18,23 . Thus, the study of the sources of fluoride intake deserves special attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride content of several breakfast cereals and snacks found in Brazil

et al. 2003

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reakfast cereals and snacks are foodstuffs highly appreciated by children, and the possibility that they contain substantial amounts of fluoride, associated with their widespread consume, may make them important contributors to the total daily fluoride intake. The aim of this study was to analyze the fluoride content on several breakfast cereals (A) and snacks (B) purchased in Brazil. The analysis were made after HMDS-facilitated diffusion (Taves) using the ion-specific electrode (9609). Mean fluoride concentrations ± SD (range, unit µg F/g) were: A= 0.76 ± 0.60 (0.08-1.86, n=15) and B= 0.32 ± 0.09 (0.22-0.55, n=18). Our results suggest that the total amount of fluoride available in some products may contribute to the total daily fluoride intake. The product labels should provide information on their fluoride content to prevent fluorosis at the age of risk.

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Fluoride Intake and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis: Trends in Fluoride Intake with Special Attention to Infants: REVIEW & COMMENTARY

Cited by 113 publications

References 44 publications

Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil

Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil

Water fluoridation: It really is this simple

Fluoride content of several breakfast cereals and snacks found in Brazil

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