Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat’s Brain and Its Amelioration by Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Pineal Proteins and Melatonin

Abstract

Fluoride (F) becomes toxic at higher doses and induces some adverse effects on various organs, including brain. The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity caused by excess fluoride still remain unknown. The aims of this study were to examine F-induced oxidative stress (OS) and role of melatonin (MEL) and buffalo pineal proteins (PP) against possible F-induced OS in brain of rats. The 24 rats were taken in present study and were divided into four groups: control, F, F + PP, and F + MEL. The F group was given 150 mg/L orally for 28 days. Combined 150 ppm F and 100 microg/kg BW (i.p.) PP and F (150 ppm) + MEL (10 mg/kg BW, i.p.) were also administered. The activities of enzymatic, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and non-enzymatic, viz., reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue were measured to assess the OS. Fluoride administration significantly increased brain MDA compared with control group, while GSH levels were decreased in fluoride-treated groups, accompanied by the markedly reduced SOD, GPx, GR, and SOD activity. Buffalo PP and MEL administration caused brain MDA to decrease but caused SOD, GPx, GR, GSH, and CAT activities to increase to significant levels in F-treated animals. Together, our data provide direct evidence that buffalo PP and MEL may protect fluoride-induced OS in brain of rats through mechanisms involving enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Therefore, this study suggested that PP and MEL can be useful in control of neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.

Protective Role of Gallic Acid on Sodium Fluoride Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

“…We also observed that fluoride toxicity increased lipid peroxidation in brain tissues which may explain the mechanism of action of this toxicity (Nabavi et al 2012a). Others have also shown that fluoride intoxication leads to irregular changes in cellular mechanisms of brain cells (Bharti and Srivastava 2009).…”

Protective role of buffalo pineal proteins on arsenic-induced oxidative stress in blood and kidney of rats

“…Therefore, these findings support the hypothesis of protecting role of buffalo pineal proteins against arsenic-induced oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties and also find agreement with earlier findings of b [15] about free radical scavenging ability of pineal proteins.…”

“…However, earlier laboratory findings revealed that, these buffalo PP and peptides have certain physiological functions viz. immunopotentiation by Ramasamy, 2006 [12], heat stress by Sejian, 2006 [13], amelioration of fluoride-induced OS and apoptosis by Bharti, 2008 [14] and b [15]. These findings suggest the test for protecting role of PP against As-induced OS in kidney and blood.…”

Oxidative Indices Correlate with Dyslipidemia and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Fluoride-Exposed Rats

“…Group one served as control, while the groups two and three were exposed to subchronic concentrations of 50 mg L -1 and 100 mg L -1 fl uoride in the form of sodium fl uoride through drinking water for 7 weeks. Water exposure mimicked epidemiological exposure and the concentrations were chosen based on studies of fl uoride-induced toxicity (12)(13)(14)(15).…”