Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on hematological parameters in male wistar rats. Study Design: In_vivo.
The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fl uoride on lipid metabolism and attendant infl ammatory response by exposing rats to 50 mg L -1 and 100 mg L -1 of fl uoride through drinking water for seven weeks. Both concentrations led to hypercholesterolemia while the 100 mg L -1 concentration induced hypertriglyceridaemia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels dropped in the exposed rats while interleukin 2 (IL-2) increased more than 1.5-fold (p<0.05) and IL-6 and plasma TNF-α more than 2.5 fold (p<0.05). Fluoride-exposed rats also had signifi cantly higher levels of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) but lower plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Oxidative stress indices correlated with pro-infl ammatory cytokines and plasma cholesterol. In contrast, proinfl ammatory cytokines inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and PON1. Our results suggest that the association between fl uoride exposure with cardiovascular diseases may be related to its ability to disturb lipid homeostasis, and trigger pro-infl ammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.
Objectives:Contamination of the environment with arsenic (As) from both human and natural sources is known as a global problem. This study investigated the chemoprotective potential of Vernonia amygdalina leave extract against sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.Materials and Methods:Genotoxic effects were evaluated in the rat bone marrow using micronuclei. The gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed in rat serum.Results:Pre-treatment with extract of V. amygdalina at doses 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg significantly decreased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs). The GGT and ALP activities were elevated more than fourfold, in the liver of rats treated with sodium arsenite, while it was reduced almost to half when the sodium arsenit-treated rats were fed fresh V. amgdalina leave extracts The phytochemical constituents of V. amygdalina assayed in this study may be responsible for high radical scavenging of the DPPH free radical observed.Conclusion:The present results indicate that V. amygdalina extract is capable of suppressing the chromosomal aberration induced by sodium arsenite in rat. Thus, V. amygdalina may be a potent chemoprotective agent against the toxicity of sodium arsenite in rats.
Background: Bioactivities of plant-based compounds had been shown to be influenced by properties of the extracting solvents. This study investigated the influence of ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich on the haematological and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy Wistar Rats using solvent partitioning. Methods: The procedures involved partitioning of ethanolic extract of X. aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich into n-hexane and aqueous fractions, chosen based on their differences in polarities and dielectric constants. The samples were administered at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight orally once per day for a period of fourteen (14) days to apparently healthy male Wistar rats that had been randomly selected into seven (7) groups. Haematological parameters and plasma biochemical indices were determined using standard protocols after the rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. Results: The results showed that the levels of haematocrit and related parameters in all the groups that received the extract when compared to the control increased significantly (p < 0.05). Additionally, no detrimental effect was observed on the levels of endogenous antioxidants, liver and kidney function indices in the rats compared to the control. Conclusion: In summary, on the basis of these findings, this study suggests that the extracts may be capable to alleviate the pathologies that are associated with haematological disorders through improvement of endogenous antioxidant status. The study proposes further evaluation on the molecular mechanism of bioactive components of X. aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich as agents that can prevents anaemia.
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