Oxidative Indices Correlate with Dyslipidemia and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Fluoride-Exposed Rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish the effects of fl uoride on lipid metabolism and attendant infl ammatory response by exposing rats to 50 mg L -1 and 100 mg L -1 of fl uoride through drinking water for seven weeks. Both concentrations led to hypercholesterolemia while the 100 mg L -1 concentration induced hypertriglyceridaemia. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels dropped in the exposed rats while interleukin 2 (IL-2) increased more than 1.5-fold (p<0.05) and IL-6 and plasma TNF-α more than 2.5 fold (p<0.05). Fluoride-exposed rats also had signifi cantly higher levels of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) but lower plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity. Oxidative stress indices correlated with pro-infl ammatory cytokines and plasma cholesterol. In contrast, proinfl ammatory cytokines inversely correlated with plasma triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and PON1. Our results suggest that the association between fl uoride exposure with cardiovascular diseases may be related to its ability to disturb lipid homeostasis, and trigger pro-infl ammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.

Amelioration of the Protein Expression of Cox2, NFκB, and STAT-3 by Some Antioxidants in the Liver of Sodium Fluoride–Intoxicated Rats

“…Herein, SF induced a significant rise in hepatic NF-κB, COX-2, and STAT-3, while Nrf2expression was decreased; this is in agreement with the findings of Afolabi et al, 47 Gutowska et al, 48 Jain et al, 49 and Mukhopadhyay et al, 50 who declared that fluoride affected the previous parameters in the same manner.…”

The Contribution of Fluoride to the Pathogenesis of Eye Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health

“…Finally, in regard to IL-6, the seminar research of Liu et al found that F exposure mediated the expression of over 1000 genes in humans and was found to upregulate specifically the expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) in leucocytes [253]. These findings are in agreement with previous in vitro and in-vivo animal studies which also found that F can induce IL-6 mRNA expression and protein levels [254,255,256,257,258].…”

Effect ofNigella sativasupplementation over a one-year period on lipid levels, blood pressure and heart rate in type-2 diabetic patients receiving oral hypoglycemic agents: nonrandomized clinical trial

“…The precise mechanism by which N sativa may induce its favorable potential on lipids and blood pressure is not fully elucidated. However, several lines of evidence are accumulating denoting a pivotal role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia 37 and hypertension. 38 The beneficial effects of N sativa on lipid levels and blood pressure demonstrated in the current study may be explained by the high antioxidant potential of N sativa , reported previously.…”