Fluoride Contamination and Fluorosis in Rural Community in the Vicinity of a Phosphate Fertilizer Factory in India

Abstract

We studied chronic fluoride intoxication in 10 villages of Udaipur receiving F emissions from phosphate fertilizer factories. Although fluoride remained below permissible limit in most of the drinking water samples, the incidence of fluorosis in adults as well as in children was surprisingly high. Khemli appeared to be the most affected village (with >48% cases) where, about 93% of 2 h air samples contained fluoride above 2.0 μg m(-3) and crops and vegetable F ranged from 27.5 to 143.4 μg g(-1). Concentrations of fluoride and inorganic P in urine showed asynchrony and were well linked with prevalence of fluorosis. The study indicated that air-borne fluoride was the major factor for higher prevalence of fluorosis in these rural areas.

Factores de riesgo ambientales y alimentarios para la fluorosis dental, Andes, Antioquia, 2015

“…Dentro de los hallazgos obtenidos se encontró que la manipulación de agroquímicos fue un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de fluorosis dental [25], teniendo en cuenta que se encontraron bajas concentraciones de flúor en los agroquímicos analizados, debido posiblemente a la baja sensibilidad de la prueba utilizada para la identificación de compuestos perfluorados, los cuales son persistentes en el medio ambiente y se acumulan a lo largo de la cadena alimentaria [26]. Los avances en el equipamiento analítico de laboratorio y en los procedimientos de investigación han facilitado la detección de concentraciones muy bajas de pesticidas y sus metabolitos en casi todo tipo de tejido humano.…”

Recent Developments in Understanding Fluoride Accumulation, Toxicity, and Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants: an Overview

“…Its content in typical plants ranges between < 5 and < 10 mg kg −1 as reported by Kabata-Pendias (2010), while the maximum reported upper limit for F − content in hay and pasture grass is 30 mg kg −1 . Many researchers reported F − accumulation in plants from different sources like contaminated sites of soil (Cronin et al 2000;Gao et al 2011), vicinity of brickfields/ factories (Pandey and Pandey 2011;Boukhris et al 2015), and irrigation of F − -contaminated water and nutrient solution (Santos-Diaz and Zamora-Pedraza 2010; Elloumi et al 2016;Khandare et al 2017). Tolerant plants show more F − accumulation than sensitive ones without the appearance of any toxicity symptoms even at the same site.…”

Pharmacological Treatment of Osteoporosis

“…Fluoride was first employed in osteoporosis therapy in 1961. It was authorised for the prevention of osteoporosis in several European countried, but was never given authorisation by the American Federal Drug Administration (FDA) [64,65].…”