Pharmacological Treatment of Osteoporosis

Abstract

Calcitonin binds to osteoclasts and hinders bone resorption. The use of salmon calcitonin has previously been widespread as a result of its extreme potency in humans, a result of its greater affinity for the human calcitonin receptor.

Overview of the Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women

“…[2][3][4] According to World Health Organization (WHO), BMD (bone mineral density) 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean value for young adults (T score ≤ −2.5) is defined as osteoporosis, and BMD below this limit and one or more fractures is defined severe osteoporosis [5]. Osteoporosis is classified as clinical osteoporosis (involves the identification of a fragility fracture and does not need densitometry for treatment to begin), and densitometry osteoporosis (identified via an assessment of bone mineral density) [6]. As women have a lower peak bone mass, which is compounded by the hormonal changes that occur at the time of menopause, osteoporosis is more common in women [7].…”

“…In a cross-sectional study from South India, 74.5% of the postmenopausal women take less amount than the recommended daily calcium dose [11]. Increased physical activity, done routinely, helps improve the skeletal system's mechanical ability [6]. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in 70% of the general population in India [12].…”

“…are used in clinical therapy of osteoporosis. [6,15] Antiresorptive agents include Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, Estrogen replacement and selective estrogen receptor modulators, and Calcitonin. Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, they are most widely used for treating osteoporosis among which zoledronic acid a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate which act as a potent inhibitor of bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast proliferation and induces osteoclast apoptotic cell death, has a high affinity for mineralized bone and especially for sites of high bone turnover, followed…”