Fluorescence Probes for Reactive Sulfur Species in Agricultural Chemistry

Abstract

Sulfur is an element that is indispensable throughout the growth of plants. In plant cells, reactive sulfur species (RSS) play a vital role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and signal transduction. There is demand accordingly for a simple, highly selective, and sensitive method of RSS detection and imaging for monitoring dynamic changes and clarifying the biological functions of RSS in plant systems. Fluorescent analysis based on organic small-molecule fluorescent probes is an effective and specific approach to tracking plant RSS characteristics. This perspective summarizes the recent progress regarding organic small-molecule fluorescent probes for RSS monitoring, including small-molecule biological thiols, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfane sulfurs, in plants; it also discusses their response mechanism toward RSS and their imaging applications in plants across the agricultural chemistry field.

NIR‐II Cyanine Nanoparticles for Imaging‐Guided Tumor Targeting Photothermal Therapy with Vitamin C Enhanced Efficacy

“…The use of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes to convert absorbed NIR light into heat has been particularly successful in the field of photothermal therapy of tumors. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Several typical photothermal agents with near-infrared-II (NIR-II) emission have also been developed in our group. For example, the benzobisthiadiazole-based fluorescent dye with a planar configuration showed a typical NIR-II emission of 1302 nm, which was used as a photoacoustic agent for imaging-guided photothermal therapy of tumors.…”

A Protocol for Activated Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Labeling and Imaging of 4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase in Plants

“…Several bioorthogonal reactions have been devised to enable fluorescence labeling to be performed under physiological conditions, within organisms, and without interfering with concurrent biochemical reactions or causing harm to organisms or target biomolecules [29–35] . Moreover, increasing attention has been given to applications of bioorthogonal‐based fluorescent labeling to visualization cells in in vivo settings [36–41] . For instance, Zou and Chen successfully employed bioorthogonal engineering using rhodopsin as a target to visualize the cell membrane potential of live neurons [42] .…”

Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Food Spoilage, Living Cells, and Zebrafish

“…Among the reported methods for detecting H 2 S, the fluorescence-based assay has attracted public attention because of its real-time detection, simplicity of implementation, and nondestructive analysis, − and the fluorescent method has been applied in various areas such as food examination, biological imaging, and environmental monitoring. − For instance, Yan’s group reported a turn-on fluorescent probe which could target mitochondria, image H 2 S in living cells, and judge the H 2 S level in real water samples and beer; Xiao et al developed a color and fluorescence turn-on probe for monitoring the spoilage of eggs and fish; and Wang et al constructed a ratiometric and mitochondria-targeted probe, which not only could image endogenous and exogenous H 2 S in HeLa cells but also could measure the freshness of raw meat on-site . Although several fluorescent probes have been reported for detecting H 2 S, however, the majority of them is unable to visualize H 2 S in vivo primarily on account of their short emission wavelength (<650 nm), and only a few of the reported probes could detect H 2 S gas.…”